{"title":"Throughput and latency targeted RL spectrum allocation in heterogeneous OTN","authors":"Sam Aleyadeh, Abbas Javadtalab, Abdallah Shami","doi":"10.1007/s12243-024-01056-y","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>The increased adoption and development of 5 G-based services have greatly increased the dynamic nature of traffic, including types, sizes, and requirements. Flex-grid elastic optical networks (EONs) have become prolific in supporting these services. However, this transition led to issues such as lower traffic throughput and resource wastage in the form of bandwidth fragmentation. With the continued growth of these services, proper traffic management to reduce this issue has become essential. To overcome this challenge, we propose a Throughput and Latency-First Reinforcement Learning-based spectrum allocation algorithm (TLFRL) in IP-over-fixed/flex-grid optical networks. The main target of TLFRL is to reduce the need to reallocate the spectrum by lowering the fragmentation and blocking probability. We achieve this by leveraging advanced demand organization techniques while using traditional networking infrastructure intelligently to offload compatible services, avoiding latency violations. Extensive simulations evaluated traffic throughput, fragmentation, and average latency. The results show that the proposed solution outperforms contemporary fixed grid-based and heuristic approaches. It also provides comparable results to state-of-the-art flex-grid spectrum allocation techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":50761,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Telecommunications","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Annals of Telecommunications","FirstCategoryId":"94","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12243-024-01056-y","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"TELECOMMUNICATIONS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The increased adoption and development of 5 G-based services have greatly increased the dynamic nature of traffic, including types, sizes, and requirements. Flex-grid elastic optical networks (EONs) have become prolific in supporting these services. However, this transition led to issues such as lower traffic throughput and resource wastage in the form of bandwidth fragmentation. With the continued growth of these services, proper traffic management to reduce this issue has become essential. To overcome this challenge, we propose a Throughput and Latency-First Reinforcement Learning-based spectrum allocation algorithm (TLFRL) in IP-over-fixed/flex-grid optical networks. The main target of TLFRL is to reduce the need to reallocate the spectrum by lowering the fragmentation and blocking probability. We achieve this by leveraging advanced demand organization techniques while using traditional networking infrastructure intelligently to offload compatible services, avoiding latency violations. Extensive simulations evaluated traffic throughput, fragmentation, and average latency. The results show that the proposed solution outperforms contemporary fixed grid-based and heuristic approaches. It also provides comparable results to state-of-the-art flex-grid spectrum allocation techniques.
随着基于 5 G 的服务越来越多地采用和发展,流量的动态性质(包括类型、规模和要求)也大大增加。柔性光栅弹性光网络(EON)已成为支持这些服务的重要手段。然而,这种过渡导致了流量吞吐量降低和以带宽碎片形式出现的资源浪费等问题。随着这些服务的持续增长,为减少这一问题而进行适当的流量管理已变得至关重要。为了克服这一挑战,我们提出了一种基于吞吐量和延迟优先强化学习的频谱分配算法(TLFRL)。TLFRL 的主要目标是通过降低碎片和阻塞概率来减少重新分配频谱的需求。我们利用先进的需求组织技术来实现这一目标,同时智能地使用传统网络基础设施来卸载兼容服务,避免延迟违规。大量模拟评估了流量吞吐量、碎片和平均延迟。结果表明,所提出的解决方案优于当代基于固定网格的方法和启发式方法。它还提供了与最先进的灵活网格频谱分配技术相当的结果。
期刊介绍:
Annals of Telecommunications is an international journal publishing original peer-reviewed papers in the field of telecommunications. It covers all the essential branches of modern telecommunications, ranging from digital communications to communication networks and the internet, to software, protocols and services, uses and economics. This large spectrum of topics accounts for the rapid convergence through telecommunications of the underlying technologies in computers, communications, content management towards the emergence of the information and knowledge society. As a consequence, the Journal provides a medium for exchanging research results and technological achievements accomplished by the European and international scientific community from academia and industry.