Bifunctional electrolyte addition for longer life and higher capacity of aqueous zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors

IF 9.6 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Rare Metals Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI:10.1007/s12598-024-02796-5

Fan Zhang, Si-Qi Li, Li-Nan Xia, Chao Yang, Lei Li, Kai-Ming Wang, Chen-Liang Xu, Yuan-Yuan Feng, Bin Zhao, Fei Shen, Xiao-Gang Han, Ling-Yun Zhu

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Abstract

Owing to uncontrolled and uneven electrodeposition and side reactions, Zn metal anodes inevitably suffer from issues such as dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution reactions, and surface passivation. This paper proposes an efficient strategy to address these critical issues for realizing long-life and high-capacity aqueous zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs) by incorporating low-concentration (0.05 mol·L⁻¹) redox RbI electrolyte additives. Specifically, rubidium cations have the ability to influence the negative Zn electrode surface via an electrostatic shielding mechanism, effectively protecting the electrode and minimizing undesired side reactions. In an aqueous solution, iodide anions actively solvate Zn²⁺ ions by stabilizing and modulating the solvation shell surrounding Zn²⁺. Moreover, the presence of iodide ions promotes the uniform deposition of Zn²⁺ species by selective adsorption onto the electrode surface. The synergistic effect of the electrostatic shielding and halogen ions enables the realization of aqueous symmetric Zn||Zn cells with a substantial cycle life of more than 2000 h. Additionally, when applied to commercial activated carbon (AC), the proposed strategy facilitates the development of aqueous ZHSCs, exhibiting high specific capacitances (148.8 F·g⁻¹ at 4 A·g⁻¹) and ultra-long cycling stability.

Graphical abstract

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添加双功能电解质以延长锌离子混合水基超级电容器的寿命并提高其容量

由于不受控制的不均匀电沉积和副反应，锌金属阳极不可避免地会出现枝晶生长、氢演化反应和表面钝化等问题。本文提出了一种有效的策略，通过加入低浓度（0.05 mol-L-1）氧化还原铷电解质添加剂来解决这些关键问题，从而实现长寿命、高容量的水性锌离子混合超级电容器（ZHSCs）。具体来说，铷阳离子能够通过静电屏蔽机制影响锌负电极表面，从而有效保护电极并将不希望发生的副反应降至最低。在水溶液中，碘化阴离子通过稳定和调节 Zn2+ 周围的溶壳，积极溶解 Zn2+ 离子。此外，碘离子的存在通过选择性吸附在电极表面，促进了 Zn2+ 物种的均匀沉积。静电屏蔽和卤素离子的协同作用使水性对称 Zn||Zn 电池得以实现，其循环寿命可长达 2000 小时以上。此外，当应用于商用活性炭（AC）时，所提出的策略有助于开发水性 ZHSC，使其表现出高比电容（4 A-g-1 时为 148.8 F-g-1）和超长的循环稳定性。

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来源期刊

Rare Metals 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

12.10

自引率

12.50%

发文量

2919

审稿时长

2.7 months

期刊介绍： Rare Metals is a monthly peer-reviewed journal published by the Nonferrous Metals Society of China. It serves as a platform for engineers and scientists to communicate and disseminate original research articles in the field of rare metals. The journal focuses on a wide range of topics including metallurgy, processing, and determination of rare metals. Additionally, it showcases the application of rare metals in advanced materials such as superconductors, semiconductors, composites, and ceramics.