Antibacterial activity of Garcinia spp. by molecular docking simulations: an overview

Abstract

The plant genus Garcinia, which belongs to the Clusiaceae family, was discovered to have excellent sources of bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential and, therefore received significant attention due to its potential for medicinal properties. In the twenty-first century, one of the most crucial threats to global health, food security, and development is antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The alarming surge in AMR transcends geographical and demographic boundaries, impacting individuals of all ages and nationalities. This phenomenon renders previously effective antibiotics increasingly powerless against a growing tide of resistant bacterial infections, posing a significant public health challenge. Notably, the compilation of extract and bioactive compounds from Garcinia species that have potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria strains by the study of previous research reported in this review. Apart from that, the structure-antibacterial activity relationship for the class of specialized compounds also had been discussed. In addition, this study employed advanced molecular modelling simulations conducted by the authors to explore the mechanism of microbial pathways of isolated compounds that lead to strong antibacterial activity. Based on this comprehensive review, bioactive compounds isolated from Garcinia species emerge as promising candidates for spearheading the development of novel antibacterial agents. Their potential merits were further investigated through in vitro and in vivo studies to fully elucidate their efficacy and safety profiles.