Optimizing single blastocyst selection: the role of day 3 embryo morphology in vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer cycles

Abstract

Research question

Can day 3 embryo morphology serve as an independent criterion for optimal single blastocyst selection?

Design

This retrospective, single-centre cohort study included 1517 single vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer (SVBT) cycles conducted between October 2019 and July 2022. The live birth rate (LBR) and other clinical outcomes of SVBT cycles were evaluated, considering both good-quality and non-good-quality day 3 embryos. The associations of day 3 morphological characteristics, encompassing number of blastomeres and embryo grade, were assessed. Multivariable analyses were undertaken using multiple models adjusted for day of blastocyst development and blastocyst grade.

Results

Blastocysts from good-quality day 3 embryos had significantly higher LBR compared with those from non-good-quality embryos for both day 5 (51.5% versus 42.9%; P = 0.013) and day 6 (25.1% versus 17.6%; P = 0.018) blastocysts. LBR did not differ significantly with number of blastomeres on day 3, regardless of day of blastocyst development (day 5/6) or blastocyst grade. LBR varied significantly by day 3 embryo grade for both day 5 (48.0%, 51.5%, 46.6% and 32.7% for grades I, II, III and IV–V; P = 0.005) and day 6 (41.5%, 23.6%, 15.9% and 16.1% for grades I, II, III and IV–V; P = 0.001) blastocysts. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that non-good-quality embryos and lower morphological grade (IV–V) on day 3 were significantly and negatively correlated with LBR, while the number of blastomeres on day 3 was not an independent factor.

Conclusions

When selecting blastocysts of equal quality for SVBT cycles, those with higher day 3 morphological scores are preferred. Day 3 morphological evaluation is a valuable supplement to conventional selection methods.