‘Getting the tone right’: an approach to managing hypertonia in cerebral palsy

Abstract

Spasticity and dystonia are the commonest tonal abnormalities presenting in children and young people with Cerebral Palsy (CP). Hypertonia can cause difficulties in a wide variety of areas and impact on quality of life. Secondary changes in muscle and bone can result in further disability. Management of hypertonia is facilitated by appropriate identification of goals, muscles involved and type of hypertonia present. Stretches, exercise programmes, orthotic and equipment interventions are important mainstays in management of hypertonia. Identifying and addressing possible triggers can avert need for escalation of treatments. Medication choice and suitability of surgical interventions are influenced by other individual factors such as acceptability, route of administration and perceived benefits versus risks of intervention. Multidisciplinary working is an important cornerstone of hypertonia management. There are several medications available for treatment of hypertonia, although evidence is limited in their use in childhood. Where children have not tolerated or benefitted from medical treatments, surgical interventions may be appropriate. This short article is aimed at everyone involved in the care of children with hypertonia as a result of CP. It discusses how to select the right treatment for right patient and offers practical advice to clinicians.