{"title":"Motor effects of fentanyl in isoflurane-anaesthetized pigs and the subsequent effect of ketanserin or naloxone","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.vaa.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To examine the effect of ketanserin and naloxone on fentanyl-induced motor activity in isoflurane-anaesthetized pigs.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Randomized, blinded, prospective two-group study.</p></div><div><h3>Animals</h3><p>A group of 12 crossbred pigs weighing 22–31 kg.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Fentanyl was administered to isoflurane-anaesthetized pigs at 7.5 μg kg<sup>–1</sup> hour<sup>–1</sup> for 40 minutes intravenously, followed by an intravenous injection of naloxone 0.1 mg kg<sup>–1</sup> or ketanserin 1 mg kg<sup>–1</sup>. Electromyography (EMG) and accelerometry were used to record motor unit activity and tremors, respectively. To test the effect of drug administration on motor activity, data from a 5 minute period at baseline, immediately before and after antagonist injection were compared in a mixed model; <em>p</em> < 0.05.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Results are reported with the median difference, 95% confidence intervals and corresponding <em>p-</em>values in brackets. Fentanyl significantly increased EMG activity [30.51 (1.84–81.02) μV, <em>p</em> = 0.004] and induced tremors [0.09 (0.02–0.18) m s<sup>–2</sup>, <em>p</em> < 0.001] in 10 of 12 pigs. Ketanserin significantly reduced EMG [32.22 (6.29–136.80) μV, <em>p</em> = 0.001] and tremor [0.10 (0.03–0.15) m s<sup>–2</sup>, <em>p</em> = 0.007] activity. No significant effect was found for naloxone on EMG [26.76 (–13.28–91.17) μV, <em>p</em> = 0.4] or tremors [0.08 (–0.01–0.19) m s<sup>–2</sup>, <em>p</em> = 0.08].</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions and clinical relevance</h3><p>Fentanyl can induce motor activity in anaesthetized pigs, with a suggested link to the serotonergic system. This study shows that ketanserin can antagonize this activity, which supports the role of serotonin. This knowledge contributes to the general understanding of the motor effects of fentanyl and especially the problem of tremors in anaesthetized pigs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23626,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1467298724001260/pdfft?md5=b7f360527aaf7911ad22e0972d056fa7&pid=1-s2.0-S1467298724001260-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1467298724001260","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"VETERINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objective
To examine the effect of ketanserin and naloxone on fentanyl-induced motor activity in isoflurane-anaesthetized pigs.
Study design
Randomized, blinded, prospective two-group study.
Animals
A group of 12 crossbred pigs weighing 22–31 kg.
Methods
Fentanyl was administered to isoflurane-anaesthetized pigs at 7.5 μg kg–1 hour–1 for 40 minutes intravenously, followed by an intravenous injection of naloxone 0.1 mg kg–1 or ketanserin 1 mg kg–1. Electromyography (EMG) and accelerometry were used to record motor unit activity and tremors, respectively. To test the effect of drug administration on motor activity, data from a 5 minute period at baseline, immediately before and after antagonist injection were compared in a mixed model; p < 0.05.
Results
Results are reported with the median difference, 95% confidence intervals and corresponding p-values in brackets. Fentanyl significantly increased EMG activity [30.51 (1.84–81.02) μV, p = 0.004] and induced tremors [0.09 (0.02–0.18) m s–2, p < 0.001] in 10 of 12 pigs. Ketanserin significantly reduced EMG [32.22 (6.29–136.80) μV, p = 0.001] and tremor [0.10 (0.03–0.15) m s–2, p = 0.007] activity. No significant effect was found for naloxone on EMG [26.76 (–13.28–91.17) μV, p = 0.4] or tremors [0.08 (–0.01–0.19) m s–2, p = 0.08].
Conclusions and clinical relevance
Fentanyl can induce motor activity in anaesthetized pigs, with a suggested link to the serotonergic system. This study shows that ketanserin can antagonize this activity, which supports the role of serotonin. This knowledge contributes to the general understanding of the motor effects of fentanyl and especially the problem of tremors in anaesthetized pigs.
期刊介绍:
Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia is the official journal of the Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists, the American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia and the European College of Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. Its purpose is the publication of original, peer reviewed articles covering all branches of anaesthesia and the relief of pain in animals. Articles concerned with the following subjects related to anaesthesia and analgesia are also welcome:
the basic sciences;
pathophysiology of disease as it relates to anaesthetic management
equipment
intensive care
chemical restraint of animals including laboratory animals, wildlife and exotic animals
welfare issues associated with pain and distress
education in veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia.
Review articles, special articles, and historical notes will also be published, along with editorials, case reports in the form of letters to the editor, and book reviews. There is also an active correspondence section.