Bridging gap between agro-industrial waste, biodiversity and mycelium-based biocomposites: Understanding their properties by multiscale methodology

IF 20.2 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, PAPER & WOOD
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Abstract

A multiscale methodology approach was employed integrating microscopic analysis of the biomasses present in the biocomposite (lignocellulosic and fungal) to understand their macroscopic response in terms of physical and mechanical properties. Colombian native strain Ganoderma gibbosum, used for the first time in the production of biocomposites was cultivated on peach palm fruit peel flour and sugar cane bagasse wet dust, individually and as a mixture. During the solid-state fermentation were monitoring the change that occurred in substrate composition such as glucan, arabinoxylan, and lignin through biomass compositional analysis using structural carbohydrates and lignin. Moreover, fungal biomass formation was monitored via scanning electron microscopy. The resulting biocomposites underwent characterization through flexural and water absorption tests. Our findings indicated that G. gibbosum primarily degraded the polysaccharides in each of the evaluated media. However, lignin degradation to 15.06 g/g was only observed in the mixture biocomposite of peach palm fruit peel fluor and sugarcane bagasse wet dust in a ratio of 1꞉1, accompanied by a reduction in glucan and arabinoxylan weights to 26.1 and 7.72 g/g, respectively. This polymer degradation, combined with a protein-rich source in the mixture biocomposite of peach palm fruit peel fluor and sugarcane bagasse wet dust in a ratio of 1꞉1, facilitated the production of a fungal skin (biological matrix) with a high hyphal density of 65%, contributing to Young's modulus of 3.83 MPa, elongation without failure, and low water absorption rate in this biocomposite (55%). The lignocellulosic biomass in the culture media acted as a filler for mechanical interlocking with the matrix and provided attachment points for water absorption. Thus, our study establishes a connection between the microscopic scale and the macroscopic behavior of this biocomposite, assessing structural carbohydrates and lignin analysis during solid-state fermentation (SSF), laying the groundwork for a more customized design of mycelium-based biocomposites. Finally, this study demonstrates the possibility of tailoring nutrient composition by designing their culture media to obtain physical-mechanical properties according to the application requirement.

Abstract Image

弥合农工废弃物、生物多样性和菌丝体生物复合材料之间的差距:通过多尺度方法了解其特性
采用多尺度方法对生物复合材料中的生物质(木质纤维素和真菌)进行了综合微观分析,以了解它们在物理和机械性能方面的宏观响应。首次在生物复合材料生产中使用的哥伦比亚本地菌株灵芝(Ganoderma gibbosum)在桃棕果皮粉和甘蔗渣湿粉(单独或作为混合物)上进行了培养。在固态发酵过程中,通过使用结构碳水化合物和木质素进行生物质成分分析,监测基质成分(如葡聚糖、阿拉伯木聚糖和木质素)发生的变化。此外,还通过扫描电子显微镜监测真菌生物质的形成。通过挠曲和吸水试验对所得到的生物复合材料进行了表征。我们的研究结果表明,G. gibbosum 主要降解每种评估介质中的多糖。然而,只有在桃棕榈果皮氟和甘蔗渣湿粉尘以 1꞉1 的比例混合的生物复合材料中才观察到木质素降解到 15.06 g/g,同时葡聚糖和阿拉伯木聚糖重量分别降低到 26.1 g/g 和 7.72 g/g。这种聚合物降解与桃棕榈果皮氟和甘蔗渣湿粉尘以 1꞉1 的比例混合制成的生物复合材料中富含的蛋白质源相结合,促进了真菌表皮(生物基质)的产生,真菌的菌丝密度高达 65%,从而使该生物复合材料的杨氏模量达到 3.83 兆帕、伸长率无衰减,且吸水率较低(55%)。培养基中的木质纤维素生物质可作为填料与基质进行机械联锁,并为吸水提供附着点。因此,我们的研究在这种生物复合材料的微观尺度和宏观行为之间建立了联系,评估了固态发酵(SSF)过程中的结构碳水化合物和木质素分析,为基于菌丝体的生物复合材料的定制化设计奠定了基础。最后,这项研究证明了通过设计培养基来定制营养成分的可能性,从而根据应用要求获得物理机械性能。
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来源期刊
Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts
Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Forestry
CiteScore
39.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
38
审稿时长
12 weeks
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