Improving adrenalectomies: Safe outcomes of partial adrenalectomies and suitable characteristics

Abstract

Background

Partial adrenalectomy (PA) is increasingly used to treat benign tumors to lower the probability of adrenal insufficiency and reduce need for lifetime hormone replacement therapy. Currently, two major concerns are increased bleeding and non-functioning adrenal remnants. This paper examines these concerns and compares surgical approaches with novel findings.

Methods

Between 1993 and 2023, 72 patients underwent PA for primary adrenal disorders. Demographic, clinicopathologic and outcome data were analyzed for summary statistics, confidence intervals, and heteroscedastic t-test statistics.

Results

The patients were 17–76 years-old and were 59.7 % female. The PA was on the left 54.2 % and bilaterally 4.2 %. The indications were adrenal adenoma, pheochromocytoma, cyst, hyperplasia, and other. The mean tumor diameter was 2.7 cm (range 0.7-10 cm). 23 were performed open, 43 laparoscopically, and 6 with an intended robotic approach. Median follow-up was 9.3 years.

Robotic had the shortest length of stay (LOS) (p-value 0.01), then laparoscopic (p-value 0.00004), then open. The estimated blood loss (EBL) ranged from 5 to 500 mL (median 50 mL). The median LOS was two days.

Intra-operative complication rate was 1.4 % and readmission within 30 days occurred in 2.8 %. Out of 72 patients, 6.8 % needed hormone replacement; of the 14 patients with contralateral adrenalectomy, 28.6 % needed replacement.

Conclusion

PA appears to be safe with both laparoscopic and robotic-assisted techniques with superior perioperative outcomes. The functional results of PA prevent most patients from requiring ongoing steroid replacement treatment and recurrence rates were low. PA should be advised for more frequent use as the preferred treatment method of choice.

Key message

Partial adrenalectomies' perioperative and long-term outcomes over a median 9.3 year follow-up emphasized its safety and efficacy with 95 % CI of (2.7 cm, 3.6 cm) for masses with adrenal sufficiency post-resection. Additionally, as healthcare institutions decide whether to invest in surgical robots, robotic approach's outperformance of laparoscopic and open on LOS may be counterbalanced by laparoscopic's strong performance in low EBL.