Spatiotemporal delivery of BMP-2 and FGF-18 in 3D-bioprinted tri-phasic osteochondral scaffolds enhanced compartmentalized osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from rats with varied organizational morphologies
IF 5.3 2区 材料科学Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Replicating the heterogeneous structure and promoting compartmentalized osteogenesis/chondrogenesis are critical considerations in designing scaffolds for osteochondral tissue regeneration. However, desirable osteochondral regeneration cannot be achieved mainly due to the absence of effective delivery strategies for growth factors (GFs) and the insufficiency of desirable organizational morphologies for seed cells. Herein, we developed a tri-phasic osteochondral scaffold consisting of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)-loaded subchondral layer, fibroblast growth factor-18 (FGF-18)-loaded cartilage layer, and an interface layer that acted as a barrier to reduce the mutual interference of GFs, via cryogenic 3D bioprinting. BMP-2 could exert osteogenic effects for 14 days, and FGF-18 could exert chondrogenic effects for 21 days, demonstrating the time-controlled release function of BMP-2 and FGF-18. By further seeding discrete rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) and rBMSC microspheres, respectively, onto the subchondral layer and cartilage layer, the engineered cell-laden osteochondral tissue was constructed. The spatiotemporal release of BMP-2 and FGF-18 in the subchondral layer and cartilage layer promoted the osteogenic differentiation of discrete rBMSCs and chondrogenic differentiation of rBMSC microspheres in the subchondral layer and cartilage layer, respectively. In summary, by seeding rBMSCs with varied organizational morphologies in 3D-printed osteochondral scaffolds with a spatiotemporally controlled strategy, engineered osteochondral tissue with compartmentalized osteogenic/chondrogenic differentiation potent can be formed, displaying a facile and promising way to achieve desirable osteochondral tissue regeneration.
期刊介绍:
ACS Applied Nano Materials is an interdisciplinary journal publishing original research covering all aspects of engineering, chemistry, physics and biology relevant to applications of nanomaterials. The journal is devoted to reports of new and original experimental and theoretical research of an applied nature that integrate knowledge in the areas of materials, engineering, physics, bioscience, and chemistry into important applications of nanomaterials.