Influence of Inadequate Sleep on Blood Pressure among the Population in Zakho District

Abstract

Objective: This study explores the impact of inadequate sleep on blood pressure levels among the population of Zakho district's, Kurdistan Region, highlighting the unique cultural, economic, and geographical factors contributing to these conditions. Methods: This case-control study involved 1038 participants aged 18-65 years, divided into two groups. 527 cases, who have inadequate sleep <7 hours(n=262), <6 hours (n=194), <5 hours(n=71). and 511 control who have an adequate amount of sleep of 7-9 hours. The study assessed sleep quantity through self-reported sleep duration using an interview questionnaire. Blood pressure was measured three times (with at least a one-minute interval between each reading) using a standard mercury sphygmomanometer and a properly sized cuff. The American Heart Association defines healthy and unhealthy blood pressure ranges. Chi-square and t-tests were used to examine the relationship between sleep duration and hypertension. Results: The prevalence of all stages of hypertension was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (p=0.0001) (Table 5). Stage I: 151(58.3% case), 108(41.7% control). Stage II: 106 (60.92% case), 68(39.08% control). Hypertensive crisis: 5 (100% case), 0(0% control). With the Exception of elevated blood pressure which was more prevalent among the control group:129 (60), than case group 86 (40%). Among those with normal blood pressure, the prevalence was also higher in the control group; 206 (53.51% control), 179 (46.49% case). Conclusion: The study indicates that inadequate sleep durations increase the risk of hypertension. Improving sleep habits could prevent hypertension. Further research is needed in Zakho district to establish the relationship between sleep duration and hypertension. Addressing sleep disturbances can improve public health, especially among high-risk populations.