ANALYZING CAUSALITY AND COINTEGRATION OF MACROECONOMICS AND ENERGY-RELATED FACTORS OF NORDIC AND SEE EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

IF 4.6 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS

ACS Applied Bio Materials Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI:10.3846/jbem.2024.21677

I. Georgescu, S. Oprea, A. Bâra

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Discrepancies between several South-Eastern European (SEE) countries and Nordic countries are investigated in this paper using an econometric analysis. Its aim is to examine the relationship between CO2 emissions, GDP per capita, urban population (URB) and electricity production from Renewable Energy Sources (RES) – EPREN, excluding hydroelectric for the two groups of EU countries located in the North and S-E of Europe. The data covers a period from 1990 to 2022, providing a comprehensive view over three decades. The relationship between the four variables is determined by various causality and cointegration tests. We check the unit root tests and conclude that the analyzed time series are stationary at first difference. Further, we estimate two models: Fully Modified and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares and study causality and cointegration between variables. The results show that CO2 emissions are impacted by GDP, URB and EPREN for both regions. Testing causality, for SEE and Nordic countries, the bidirectional and causalities do exist.

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分析北欧和西欧国家宏观经济与能源相关因素的因果关系和协整关系

本文采用计量经济学分析方法研究了几个东南欧（SEE）国家与北欧国家之间的差异。其目的是研究位于欧洲北部和东南部的两组欧盟国家的二氧化碳排放量、人均 GDP、城市人口（URB）和可再生能源（RES）发电量（EPREN，不包括水电）之间的关系。数据涵盖 1990 年至 2022 年，提供了三十年间的综合视角。四个变量之间的关系通过各种因果关系和协整检验来确定。我们进行了单位根检验，得出的结论是所分析的时间序列在初差时是静止的。此外，我们还估计了两个模型：完全修正模型和动态普通最小二乘法模型，研究变量之间的因果关系和协整关系。结果显示，两个地区的二氧化碳排放量都受到 GDP、URB 和 EPREN 的影响。在因果关系检验方面，东南欧国家和北欧国家确实存在双向因果关系。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

ACS Applied Bio Materials Chemistry-Chemistry (all)

CiteScore

9.40

自引率

2.10%

发文量

464

期刊介绍： ACS Applied Bio Materials is an interdisciplinary journal publishing original research covering all aspects of biomaterials and biointerfaces including and beyond the traditional biosensing, biomedical and therapeutic applications. The journal is devoted to reports of new and original experimental and theoretical research of an applied nature that integrates knowledge in the areas of materials, engineering, physics, bioscience, and chemistry into important bio applications. The journal is specifically interested in work that addresses the relationship between structure and function and assesses the stability and degradation of materials under relevant environmental and biological conditions.