Epidemiological Characteristics and Spatiotemporal Patterns of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Xinjiang, China, during 2004–2021

IF 4.6 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS

ACS Applied Bio Materials Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI:10.3390/tropicalmed9070153

Jiangshan Zhao, Yue Zhang, Haiting Zhang, Shuo Wang, Haibo He, G. Shi, W. Maimaitijiang, Yanyan Hou, Ling Zhang, Jianhai Yin, Yi Wang, Jianping Cao

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The spread of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a serious global zoonotic parasitic disease, is mostly under control; however, several cases have been reported in recent decades in Xinjiang, China. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological status and spatiotemporal clustering characteristics of VL in Xinjiang, China, between 2004 and 2021 to provide a basis for the development and implementation of surveillance and response measures. Data on VL incidence during 2004–2021 were collected from the National Diseases Reporting Information System of China. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis, identification of local indicators of spatial association, and spatial–temporal clustering analysis were conducted to identify the distribution and high-risk areas. A total of 2034 VL cases were reported, with a mean annual incidence of 0.50 per 100,000. There was a general decreasing trend in the incidence of VL during our study period. The majority of the cases were reported from October to February of the following year, and fewer cases were reported from April to July. Spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed that the incidence of VL was spatially clustered within a few counties. Significant differences were observed during the study period (Moran’s I = 0.74, Z = 4.900, p < 0.05). The male-to-female ratio was 1.37:1, and most patients were in the age group 0–3 years. Cases were primarily distributed in seven regions and two autonomous prefectures, and Kashgar reported the highest number of cases (1688, 82.98%). Spatial analysis revealed that the aggregation of VL was predominantly observed in southwest Xinjiang. This was in alignment with the high-risk areas identified by spatiotemporal clustering analysis. The H-H clustering region was primarily observed in Gashi, Atushi, Shufu, Injisha, Kashgar, Yepuhu, and Bachu. These findings indicate that integrated control measures must be taken in different endemic areas to strengthen the VL control program in Xinjiang, China.

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2004-2021 年中国新疆内脏利什曼病的流行特征和时空模式

内脏利什曼病（VL）是一种严重的全球性人畜共患寄生虫病，其传播已基本得到控制；然而，近几十年来，中国新疆报告了几例VL病例。本研究旨在分析 2004 年至 2021 年期间中国新疆 VL 的流行病学现状和时空聚类特征，为制定和实施监测和应对措施提供依据。2004-2021 年间新疆 VL 发病率数据来自中国国家疾病报告信息系统。通过全局空间自相关分析、局部空间关联指标识别和时空聚类分析，确定了病毒性肝炎的分布和高危地区。共报告了 2034 例 VL 病例，年平均发病率为 0.50/10 万。在我们的研究期间，VL 的发病率总体呈下降趋势。大多数病例在 10 月至次年 2 月间报告，4 月至 7 月间报告的病例较少。空间自相关分析表明，病毒性肝炎的发病率在空间上集中在几个县内。研究期间观察到显著差异（Moran's I = 0.74，Z = 4.900，P < 0.05）。男女比例为 1.37:1，大多数患者年龄在 0-3 岁之间。病例主要分布在 7 个地区和 2 个自治州，喀什地区报告的病例数最多（1688 例，占 82.98%）。空间分析显示，VL 主要聚集在新疆西南部。这与时空聚类分析确定的高风险地区一致。H-H聚集区主要分布在伽师、阿图什、疏附、英吉沙、喀什、叶普湖和巴楚。这些发现表明，必须在不同的流行区采取综合控制措施，以加强中国新疆的 VL 控制项目。

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来源期刊

ACS Applied Bio Materials Chemistry-Chemistry (all)

CiteScore

9.40

自引率

2.10%

发文量

464

期刊介绍： ACS Applied Bio Materials is an interdisciplinary journal publishing original research covering all aspects of biomaterials and biointerfaces including and beyond the traditional biosensing, biomedical and therapeutic applications. The journal is devoted to reports of new and original experimental and theoretical research of an applied nature that integrates knowledge in the areas of materials, engineering, physics, bioscience, and chemistry into important bio applications. The journal is specifically interested in work that addresses the relationship between structure and function and assesses the stability and degradation of materials under relevant environmental and biological conditions.