Octave-Spanning Second-Harmonic Generation in Dispersion-Engineered Lithium Niobate-on-Insulator Microwaveguide

IF 3.7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Yongzhi Tang, Tingting Ding, Yuting Zhang, Wenjun Ding, Yiwen Huang, Jiayu Wang, Hao Li, Shijie Liu, Yuanlin Zheng, Xianfeng Chen
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Abstract

Broadband lasers, e.g., ultrashort lasers, optical supercontinuum, and frequency combs, are revolutionary coherent light sources, which enable a plethora of state-of-the-art applications ranging from precision spectroscopy to optical clocks. However, the spectral broadening of these coherent light sources mainly relies on the third-order nonlinearity ( χ ( 3 ) $\left(\chi\right)^{\left(\right. 3 \left.\right)}$ ) and is difficult to extend to the visible or shorter wavelength regime. Second-order nonlinearity ( χ ( 2 ) $\left(\chi\right)^{\left(\right. 2 \left.\right)}$ ), which is orders of magnitude larger than χ ( 3 ) $\left(\chi\right)^{\left(\right. 3 \left.\right)}$ , becomes a powerful tool for the frequency translation if its broadband operation is well addressed. Herein, an octave-spanning second-harmonic generation scheme is experimentally demonstrated beyond an extremely large frequency range of 135 THz and high conversion efficiency of 1% for sub-100 pJ for the near-infrared picosecond supercontinuum in a fiber–waveguide–fiber configuration. The process relies on ultrabroadband birefringence phase matching in the dispersion-engineered lithium niobate-on-insulator ridge microwaveguide. The mode area of microwaveguide well matches with single-mode lens fiber, reducing coupling loss and ensuring easy packaging. The method provides a new approach to span the wavelength range of coherent light with χ ( 2 ) $\left(\chi\right)^{\left(\right. 2 \left.\right)}$ -based wavelength translation for supercontinuum or frequency combs into the visible regime. The result would find applications in spectroscopy, astrophysics, atomic optics, optical synthesis, etc.

Abstract Image

弥散工程铌酸锂绝缘体微波导管中的倍频程二次谐波生成
宽带激光器,如超短激光器、光学超连续激光器和频率梳,是革命性的相干光源,可实现从精密光谱学到光学时钟等大量最先进的应用。然而,这些相干光源的光谱增宽主要依赖于三阶非线性(),很难扩展到可见光或更短的波长范围。二阶非线性()比三阶非线性()大几个数量级,如果能很好地解决其宽带运行问题,二阶非线性()将成为频率转换的有力工具。在此,实验证明了一种倍频程跨二次谐波生成方案,其频率范围超过 135 太赫兹,在光纤波导-光纤配置中,近红外皮秒超连续的转换效率高达 1%,低于 100 pJ。该工艺依赖于色散工程铌酸锂-绝缘体脊微波导管中的超宽带双折射相位匹配。微波导管的模式区与单模透镜光纤匹配良好,从而降低了耦合损耗,并确保了封装的简易性。该方法为跨越相干光的波长范围提供了一种新方法。其结果将应用于光谱学、天体物理学、原子光学、光学合成等领域。
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