The Influence of Language Contact on Creole Formation

Abstract

Purpose: The general objective of this study was to examine the influence of language contact on creole formation. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to influence of language contact on creole formation. Preliminary empirical review revealed a complex and dynamic process involving interactions between diverse linguistic groups, often in contexts of colonization, slavery, and migration. It showed that creole languages, emerging from pidgins, incorporated elements from both substrate and superstrate languages, evolving into sophisticated systems reflecting their socio-cultural realities. The study highlighted the ongoing evolution of creole languages influenced by modern socio-political and economic factors, presenting both opportunities and challenges for preservation. The findings provided valuable insights for linguists, educators, policymakers, and cultural preservationists, emphasizing the importance of recognizing and supporting linguistic diversity. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Language Bioprogram Hypothesis, Substrate Theory and Superstrate Theory may be used to anchor future studies on the influence of language contact on creole formation. The study recommended interdisciplinary research to advance theoretical understanding, the incorporation of creole languages into educational curricula, and the development of teacher training programs. It advocated for the formal recognition and preservation of creole languages through supportive language policies, cultural heritage programs, and public awareness initiatives. The study also emphasized the importance of ongoing research and monitoring to evaluate policy effectiveness and recommended establishing advisory bodies for sustainable support of creole languages. These recommendations aimed to enhance the appreciation and support of linguistic diversity and cultural heritage.