Advances in estimating plasma cells in bone marrow: A comprehensive method review

IF 16.4 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Ethan Gantana, E. Musekwa, Z. Chapanduka
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The quantitation of plasma cells in bone marrow (BM) is crucial for diagnosing and classifying plasma cell neoplasms. Various methods, including Romanowsky-stained BM aspirates (BMA), immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and radiological imaging, have been explored. However, challenges such as patchy infiltration and sample haemodilution can impact the reliability of BM plasma cell percentage estimates. Bone marrow plasma cell percentage varies across methods, with immunohistochemically stained biopsies consistently yielding higher values than Romanowsky-stained BMA or flow cytometry alone. CD138 or MUM1 immunohistochemistry and artificial intelligence image analysis on whole-slide images are emerging as promising tools for accurate plasma cell identification and quantification. Radiological imaging, particularly with advanced technologies like dual-energy computed tomography and radiomics, shows potential for multiple myeloma diagnosis, although standardisation remains a challenge. Molecular techniques, such as allele-specific oligonucleotide quantitative polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing, offer insights into clonality and measurable residual disease. While no consensus exists on a gold standard method for BM plasma cell quantitation, CD138-stained biopsies are favoured for accurate estimation and play a pivotal role in diagnosing and assessing multiple myeloma treatment responses. Combining multiple methods, such as BMA, BM biopsy, and flow cytometry, enhances accuracy of diagnosis and classification of plasma cell neoplasms. The quest for a gold standard requires ongoing research and collaboration to refine existing methods. Furthermore, the rise of digital pathology is anticipated to reshape laboratory medicine and the role of pathologists in the digital era.What this study adds: This article adds a comprehensive review and comparison of different methods for plasma cell estimation in the bone marrow, highlighting their strengths and limitations. The goal is to contribute valuable insights that can guide the selection of optimal techniques for accurate plasma cell estimation.
估算骨髓中浆细胞的进展:方法综述
骨髓(BM)中浆细胞的定量对于诊断和分类浆细胞肿瘤至关重要。目前已探索出多种方法,包括罗曼诺夫斯基染色的骨髓抽吸物(BMA)、免疫组化、流式细胞术和放射成像。然而,斑片状浸润和样本血液稀释等难题会影响骨髓浆细胞百分比估算的可靠性。不同方法得出的骨髓浆细胞百分比各不相同,免疫组化染色活检得出的数值始终高于罗曼诺夫斯基染色 BMA 或流式细胞术。CD138 或 MUM1 免疫组化和全切片图像的人工智能图像分析正在成为准确鉴定和量化浆细胞的有效工具。放射成像,尤其是双能计算机断层扫描和放射组学等先进技术,显示出多发性骨髓瘤诊断的潜力,但标准化仍是一项挑战。分子技术,如等位基因特异性寡核苷酸定量聚合酶链反应和下一代测序,可帮助了解克隆性和可测量的残留疾病。虽然目前还没有就骨髓浆细胞定量的黄金标准方法达成共识,但CD138染色的活组织检查是准确估算的首选,在诊断和评估多发性骨髓瘤治疗反应方面发挥着关键作用。结合多种方法(如 BMA、骨髓活检和流式细胞术)可提高浆细胞肿瘤诊断和分类的准确性。要寻求黄金标准,就必须不断开展研究与合作,完善现有方法。此外,数字病理学的兴起预计将重塑数字时代的检验医学和病理学家的角色:本文全面回顾和比较了骨髓中浆细胞估算的不同方法,强调了它们的优势和局限性。其目的是提供有价值的见解,以指导人们选择最佳技术来准确估计浆细胞。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Accounts of Chemical Research
Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合
CiteScore
31.40
自引率
1.10%
发文量
312
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.
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