Demographic and net primary productivity dynamics of primary and secondary tropical forests in Southwest China under a changing climate 气候变化背景下中国西南热带原始林和次生林的群落和净初级生产力动态研究

Sai Tun Tun Oo, Shankar Panthi, Ze-Xin Fan, Xiao-Yang Song, Huanyuan Zhang-Zheng, Zaw Zaw, Hua-Zheng Lu, Hui Chen, Yun Deng, Rong Zhao, Hua Lin, Pei-Li Fu
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Abstract

Tropical forests are major carbon sinks on the Earth's land surface. However, our understanding of how the demographic rate and carbon sink capacities of tropical forests respond to climate change remains limited. In this study, we investigated the impacts of environmental drivers on forest growth, mortality, recruitment, and stem net primary productivity (NPPstem) over 16 years at five tropical forest plots in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China. These plots are along a successional gradient spanning three tropical secondary forests (tropical secondary forest-1 [TSF-1], tropical secondary forest-2 [TSF-2], and tropical secondary forest-3 [TSF-3]) and two primary forests (tropical rainforest [TRF] and tropical karst forest [TKF]). Our results showed that early successional secondary forests (TSF-2 and TSF-3) had higher diameter growth rates and relative mortality rates. An extreme drought event during 2009–2010 reduced the growth rate, relative recruitment rate, and NPPstem for most plots while increasing mortality in early successional forest plots. We observed significant negative effects of maximum temperature (Tmax) on NPPstem and diameter growth rate across all plots. Additionally, we found that precipitation had significant positive effects on diameter growth rate across all plots. Furthermore, tree mortality increased with rising Tmax, whereas precipitation significantly enhanced tree recruitment. Our findings highlight the vulnerability of tree growth, mortality, recruitment, and productivity in tropical forests to extreme drought events in Southwest China. Continued climate warming and more frequent droughts will induce higher mortality rates and impede growth, thus reducing the carbon sink capacity of tropical forests, especially in early successional stage tropical secondary forests.

Abstract Image

气候变化下中国西南热带原始林和次生林的人口和净初级生产力动态变化
热带森林是地球陆地表面的主要碳汇。然而,我们对热带森林的人口增长率和碳汇能力如何应对气候变化的了解仍然有限。在这项研究中,我们在中国西南部西双版纳的五个热带森林地块调查了环境驱动因素对森林生长、死亡率、更新率和茎净初级生产力(NPPstem)的影响,历时16年。这些地块沿演替梯度分布,跨越三个热带次生林(热带次生林-1 [TSF-1]、热带次生林-2 [TSF-2]和热带次生林-3 [TSF-3])和两个原始林(热带雨林 [TRF] 和热带喀斯特林 [TKF])。我们的研究结果表明,早演替次生林(TSF-2 和 TSF-3)的直径增长率和相对死亡率较高。2009-2010 年期间的极端干旱事件降低了大多数地块的生长率、相对吸收率和净生产力,同时增加了早演替森林地块的死亡率。我们观察到最高温度(Tmax)对所有地块的净生产力(NPP)和直径生长率都有明显的负面影响。此外,我们还发现降水对所有地块的直径生长率都有显著的正向影响。此外,树木死亡率随着最高气温的升高而增加,而降水则显著提高了树木的新陈代谢。我们的研究结果凸显了中国西南地区热带雨林中树木的生长、死亡、更新和生产力易受极端干旱事件的影响。持续的气候变暖和更频繁的干旱将导致更高的死亡率并阻碍树木的生长,从而降低热带森林的碳汇能力,尤其是在热带次生林的早期演替阶段。
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