Targeted use of paraffinic kerosene: Potentials and implications

IF 3.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Gunnar Quante , Christiane Voigt , Martin Kaltschmitt
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Aviation contributes to anthropogenic climate change mainly by contrails, CO2 and NOx emissions, whereof contrails are considered the largest single contributor to the radiative forcing from aviation. Powering aircraft with kerosene containing fewer or no-aromatics, i.e., “Sustainable Aviation Fuels” (SAF) or hydroprocessed, fossil-based kerosene, can significantly reduce contrail climate forcing. However, such kerosene is currently scarcely available. Moreover, less than 10 % of the flights worldwide cause more than 80 % of the contrail climate forcing. Hence, this study investigates a targeted allocation of paraffinic, i.e., aromatics-free kerosene to flights and flight segments with the highest contrail climate forcing, by calculating the resulting contrail energy forcing (in J) on 844 364 flight trajectories worldwide departing from five large European airports in 2019.

The contrail radiative forcing integrated over contrail evolution (i.e., contrail energy forcing [J]) is simulated for a reference fleet powered with conventional kerosene of 14.1 m - % hydrogen content. 5 % of overall kerosene demand assumed to be paraffinic kerosene with 15.3 m - % hydrogen content is allocated via a uniform, a flight-specific and a segment-specific approach. The uniform allocation assumes that all flights receive the same blend of 5 % paraffinic kerosene. The other cases target 100 % paraffinic kerosene either to flights or segments with highest contrail energy forcing. Compared to the reference, the results indicate a reduction on contrail energy forcing by 4 %, 36 % and 55 %, respectively. For market shares of paraffinic kerosene up to 30 %, a segment specific allocation appears advantageous compared to a flight specific allocation. However, they might require airport and aircraft modifications. Uncertainties in contrail climate benefits can be reduced by providing additional information on kerosene properties and accurate meteorological data. Overall, this study highlights robust potentials of paraffinic kerosene to significantly reduce the climate forcing from aviation.

石蜡煤油的定向使用:潜力和影响
航空对人类活动引起的气候变化的影响主要来自于烟雾、二氧化碳和氮氧化物的排放,其中烟雾被认为是航空辐射强迫的最大贡献者。使用含芳烃较少或不含芳烃的煤油(即 "可持续航空燃料"(SAF)或经过加氢处理的化石基煤油)为飞机提供动力,可以显著减少烟尘对气候的影响。然而,这种煤油目前还很少见。此外,全球只有不到 10% 的航班会造成 80% 以上的飞行迹线气候强迫。因此,本研究通过计算 2019 年从欧洲 5 个大型机场起飞的全球 844 364 条飞行轨迹所产生的逆光能量强迫(以 J 为单位),对逆光演变过程中的逆光辐射强迫(即逆光能量强迫 [J])进行了模拟。假定总煤油需求量的 5%为氢含量为 15.3 m - % 的石蜡煤油,通过统一、特定航班和特定分段的方法进行分配。统一分配法假定所有航班都使用相同的 5%石蜡煤油。其他情况下,100% 的石蜡煤油被分配给了具有最高碰撞能量强迫的航班或航段。结果表明,与参考值相比,飞行迹线能量强迫分别降低了 4%、36% 和 55%。对于市场份额高达 30% 的石蜡煤油而言,特定航段分配比特定航班分配更有优势。不过,这可能需要对机场和飞机进行改装。通过提供有关煤油特性的更多信息和准确的气象数据,可以减少烟雾气候效益的不确定性。总之,这项研究强调了石蜡煤油在显著减少航空气候强迫方面的巨大潜力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Atmospheric Environment: X
Atmospheric Environment: X Environmental Science-Environmental Science (all)
CiteScore
8.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
47
审稿时长
12 weeks
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