Transfer functions forQA/QBinternational regulatory limits for the safe transport of radioactive materials.

IF 1.4 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Thomas Frosio, Samuel Thomas, Janis Endres, Holger Eberhardt, Baptiste Louis, Tiberio Cabianca, Iain Brown, Matthew Foster, Nabil Menaa, Philippe Bertreix
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This paper presents a proposed revision of the International Atomic Energy Agency transport regulations, related to theA1andA2limit values used to determine the radioactive transport classification. Based on the 'Qsystem', a novel methodology was introduced to deriveQAandQBvalues related to scenarios involving external exposure from a distant source. These values are key parameters that respectively represent the total effective dose and total equivalent dose to the skin, from all primary and secondary particles contributing to radiation exposure. The International Working Group (WGA1/A2) is established and associated with the TRANSSC Technical Expert Group on Radiation Protection. A review of theA1andA2values is performed in response to identified limitations within the existingQsystem. The followed approach is based on Monte Carlo simulations that enabled the development of transfer functions aimed at reducing computational time and increasing the flexibility of dose evaluations for any radionuclide with known particle emission spectra. This method allows updating theQAandQBvalues to account for future data evolutions (decay data, fluence-to-dose conversion coefficients) and standardizing the calculation of regulation limits across all referenced radionuclides and scenarios related to external exposure. The transfer functions are established using three Monte Carlo simulation codes-FLUKA, Geant4, and MCNP-and address the previous limitations of the 'Qsystem', reflecting the latest International Commission for Radiation Protection recommendations and improvements in calculation techniques. The results of the WG show consistent agreement across the codes, with minor discrepancies observed at low primary energies due to statistical uncertainties and different handling of stopping power for electrons/positrons in the codes. This revised approach aligns with current standards and recommendations, ensuring that the radiological consequences of transport accidents are acceptable for the newA1andA2limits from a radiological protection perspective.

质量保证/质量控制国际放射性材料安全运输监管限制的转移功能。
本文提出了对国际原子能机构(IAEA)运输条例的修订建议,涉及用于确定放射性运输分类的 A1 和 A2 限值。在 "Q 系统 "的基础上,引入了一种新方法来推导与远距离放射源外部照射情景有关的 QA 值和 QB 值。这些值是关键参数,分别代表所有造成辐照的原生和次生粒子的总有效剂量和皮肤总当量剂量。国际工作组(WG A1/A2)是与 TRANSSC 辐射防护技术专家组(TTEG-RP)联合成立的。对 A1 和 A2 值进行审查是为了应对现有 Q 系统中已确定的局限性。所采用的方法以蒙特卡罗模拟为基础,开发了转移函数,旨在减少计算时间,提高对已知粒子发射光谱的任何放射性核素进行剂量评估的灵活性。这种方法可以更新 QA 值和 QB 值,以考虑到未来的数据演变(衰变数据、通量-剂量转换系数),并对所有参考放射性核素和与外部照射有关的情况下的规定限值计算进行标准化。转移函数是利用 FLUKA、Geant4 和 MCNP 三种蒙特卡罗模拟代码建立的,解决了以前 "Q 系统 "的局限性,反映了国际放射防护委员会的最新建议和计算技术的改进。工作组的研究结果表明,这些代码的计算结果一致,只是在低初等能量时由于统计不确定性和代码中对电子/正电子停止功率的不同处理而存在细微差别。修订后的方法符合当前的标准和建议,确保从辐射防护的角度来看,新的 A1 和 A2 限值可以接受运输事故的辐射后果。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of Radiological Protection
Journal of Radiological Protection 环境科学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生
CiteScore
2.60
自引率
26.70%
发文量
137
审稿时长
18-36 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of Radiological Protection publishes articles on all aspects of radiological protection, including non-ionising as well as ionising radiations. Fields of interest range from research, development and theory to operational matters, education and training. The very wide spectrum of its topics includes: dosimetry, instrument development, specialized measuring techniques, epidemiology, biological effects (in vivo and in vitro) and risk and environmental impact assessments. The journal encourages publication of data and code as well as results.
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