Molecular signaling directing neural plate border formation.

Mojtaba Esmaeli, Mahdi Barazesh, Zeinab Karimi, Shiva Roshankhah, Ali Ghanbari
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Abstract

During embryonic development, the vertebrate embryonic epiblast is divided into two parts including neural and superficial ectoderm. The neural plate border (NPB) is a narrow transitional area which locates between these parts and contains multipotent progenitor cells. Despite its small size, the cellular heterogeneity in this region produces specific differentiated cells. Signaling pathways, transcription factors, and the expression/repression of certain genes are directly involved in these differentiation processes. Different factors such as the Wnt signaling cascade, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, and Notch, which are involved in various stages of the growth, proliferation, and differentiation of embryonic cells, are also involved in the determination and differentiation of neural plate border stem cells. Therefore, it is essential to consider the interactions and temporospatial coordination related to cells, tissues, and adjacent structures. This review examines our present knowledge of the formation of the neural plate border and emphasizes the requirement for interaction between different signaling pathways, including the BMP and Wnt cascades, the expression of its special target genes and their regulations, and the precise tissue crosstalk which defines the neural crest fate in the ectoderm at the early human embryonic stages.

引导神经板边界形成的分子信号。
在胚胎发育过程中,脊椎动物胚胎上胚层分为两部分,包括神经和表层外胚层。神经板边界(NPB)是位于这两部分之间的狭窄过渡区域,包含多能祖细胞。尽管面积很小,但这一区域的细胞异质性会产生特定的分化细胞。信号通路、转录因子和某些基因的表达/抑制直接参与了这些分化过程。Wnt信号级联、成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF)、骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)信号转导和Notch等不同因子参与了胚胎细胞生长、增殖和分化的各个阶段,它们也参与了神经板边缘干细胞的决定和分化。因此,考虑细胞、组织和邻近结构之间的相互作用和时空协调至关重要。本综述探讨了我们目前对神经板边缘形成的认识,并强调了不同信号通路(包括 BMP 和 Wnt 级联)之间相互作用的要求、其特殊靶基因的表达及其调控,以及在人类胚胎早期外胚层决定神经嵴命运的精确组织串联。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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