Structural, Optical, Electrical, and Magnetic Characterization of PC/PEO Blend Incorporated with ZnFe2O4 Nanoparticles

Abstract

In this study, zinc ferrite nanoparticles (ZnFe₂O₄ NPs) were incorporated into a polycarbonate/polyethylene oxide (PC/PEO) blend using the casting method. The resulting blends were subjected to comprehensive analysis using various techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the presence of ZnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles had a significant impact on the crystal structure of the PC/PEO blend, leading to a reduction in crystallinity. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) measurements further confirmed the uniform distribution and compatibility of PC and PEO as polymer components, as well as their compatibility with the blend containing ZnFe₂O₄ NPs. The optical properties of the PC/PEO blend, including band gap and Urbach energy, were quantified using the Kubelka–Munk method. The incorporation of ZnFe₂O₄ NPs resulted in the formation of sub-band states between the valence and conduction bands, leading to a decrease in the band gap values. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis revealed a noticeable modification in the surface roughness, with the addition of ZnFe₂O₄ NPs resulting in a smoother surface texture. The electrical properties of the blends, including dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and AC conductivity, were measured. The addition of ZnFe₂O₄ NPs increased the dielectric constant (ε′) at lower frequencies, while it remained relatively stable at higher frequencies due to the localized charge carriers within the polymer blend. The higher values of ε’ observed at lower frequencies can be attributed to the movement of ions, which contributes to enhanced ionic conductivity. The magnetic properties of the blends were evaluated, demonstrating an increase in magnetic saturation upon the addition of ZnFe₂O₄ NPs. These findings provide valuable insights into the structural, optical, electrical, and magnetic characteristics of PC/PEO blends incorporated with ZnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles, thereby highlighting their potential for a wide range of technological applications.