Tectonic, Topographic, Geologic, and Hydroclimatic Influence on Crack Formation During the 2021 Haiti Earthquake

IF 2.9 2区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS
Newdeskarl Saint Fleur, Joseph E. Dessable, Germain Saint-Preux, Éric Calais, Nathalie Feuillet, Dominique Boisson, Jean-Bernard de Chabalier, Yann Klinger
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Abstract

The 14 August 2021 Haiti earthquake mainly portrayed reverse motion to the east near L’Asile town and left-lateral strike-slip motion to the west near Camp-Perrin town. To map the rupture and infer its segmentation, we conducted the first post-seismic field reconnaissance along the left-lateral strike-slip Enriquillo fault from L’Asile to Macaya mountain. We identified 98 linear, minor cracks that are not representative of primary fault surface rupture. Analyzing the topographic slope distribution, we detected that the cracks were often located in areas that are prone to topographic instability. About 60% of the cracks are located in Quaternary alluvium and Middle-Miocene continental marls, indicating a preference for soft sediments. The rivers also have an impact, as crack lengths and openings negatively correlate with their distance to neighboring rivers. In addition, the earthquake occurred in a rainy region with up to 2,479.34 mm of rainfall in 2021, increasing soil instability. Above all, we found a contrast and asymmetry between the eastern and the western parts of the rupture. By dividing the 60-km long rupture into two equal parts, we observed 57 cracks to the west against 41 to the east. The longest and the widest cracks are to the west. Analyzing their orientation, the cracks mainly oriented as left-lateral strike-slip faults to the west and mainly thrusts to the east. This configuration appears to be influenced by the slip pattern of the 2021 Haiti earthquake and consistent with the regional stress field.

Abstract Image

构造、地形、地质和水文气候对 2021 年海地地震裂缝形成的影响
2021 年 8 月 14 日海地地震主要表现为东部 L'Asile 镇附近的反向运动和西部 Camp-Perrin 镇附近的左侧走向滑动运动。为了绘制断裂图并推断其分段情况,我们在震后首次沿着从 L'Asile 到 Macaya 山的左侧走向滑动的 Enriquillo 断层进行了实地勘察。我们发现了 98 条线性小裂缝,这些裂缝并不代表原生断层面破裂。通过分析地形坡度分布,我们发现这些裂缝通常位于地形容易不稳定的地区。约 60% 的裂缝位于第四纪冲积层和中新世大陆泥灰岩中,这表明裂缝偏爱软沉积物。河流也有影响,因为裂缝的长度和开口与邻近河流的距离呈负相关。此外,地震发生在多雨地区,2021 年降雨量高达 2479.34 毫米,增加了土壤的不稳定性。最重要的是,我们发现断裂的东部和西部之间存在对比和不对称。通过将 60 公里长的断裂带分为两个相等的部分,我们观察到西部有 57 条裂缝,而东部有 41 条。最长和最宽的裂缝位于西部。从裂缝走向分析,西侧裂缝主要为左侧走向滑动断层,东侧主要为推覆断层。这种构造似乎受到了 2021 年海地地震滑动模式的影响,并与区域应力场相一致。
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来源期刊
Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems
Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
5.90
自引率
11.40%
发文量
252
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems (G3) publishes research papers on Earth and planetary processes with a focus on understanding the Earth as a system. Observational, experimental, and theoretical investigations of the solid Earth, hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, and solar system at all spatial and temporal scales are welcome. Articles should be of broad interest, and interdisciplinary approaches are encouraged. Areas of interest for this peer-reviewed journal include, but are not limited to: The physics and chemistry of the Earth, including its structure, composition, physical properties, dynamics, and evolution Principles and applications of geochemical proxies to studies of Earth history The physical properties, composition, and temporal evolution of the Earth''s major reservoirs and the coupling between them The dynamics of geochemical and biogeochemical cycles at all spatial and temporal scales Physical and cosmochemical constraints on the composition, origin, and evolution of the Earth and other terrestrial planets The chemistry and physics of solar system materials that are relevant to the formation, evolution, and current state of the Earth and the planets Advances in modeling, observation, and experimentation that are of widespread interest in the geosciences.
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