Enhancing battery energy storage systems for photovoltaic applications in extremely cold regions: A brief review

Abstract

With the accelerating deployment of renewable energy, photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage systems (BESS) have gained increasing research attention in extremely cold regions. However, the extreme low temperatures pose significant challenges to the performance and reliability of such systems. This paper reviews the current progress in PV-BESS technologies and applications in extreme cold climates. The major technical challenges are discussed, including the impacts of low temperatures on PV and battery efficiency, snow and icing effects, and difficulties in system modeling and optimization. Recent solutions are analyzed, such as advanced PV module designs, battery thermal controls, anti-icing coatings, and sensors. Case studies of existing PV-BESS demonstration projects in cold regions are presented, and key lessons learned from real-world operation data are summarized. The economic feasibility and policy incentives for promoting PV-BESS in cold areas are also examined. Finally, recommendations for further research and development are provided to overcome the limitations and knowledge gaps. This review covers the current state-of-the-art in PV-BESS systems suited for extreme cold environments, providing insights for researchers and engineers working on advancing renewable energy in these challenging climates. Key findings indicate that despite technical hurdles, PV-BESS systems show promising potential in extreme cold regions through continued system optimization, cost reduction, and supportive policies.