Harmonic phase-sensitive detection for quartz-enhanced photoacoustic-thermoelastic spectroscopy

IF 7.1 1区医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Photoacoustics Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI:10.1016/j.pacs.2024.100633

Mengpeng Hu , Dongqing Zhang , Hui Zhang , Yu Liu , Weibiao Wang , Qiang Wang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Quartz tuning fork (QTF)-based techniques of photoacoustic spectroscopy and thermoelastic spectroscopy play a significant role in trace gas sensing due to unique high sensitivity and compactness. However, the stability of both techniques remains plagued by the inevitable and unpredictable laser power variation and demodulation phase variation. Herein, we investigate the phase change of a QTF when integrating both techniques for enhanced gas sensing. By demonstrating harmonic phase-sensitive methane detection as an example, we achieve stable gas measurement at varying laser power (2.4–9.4 mW) and varying demodulation phase (−90–90°). Besides, this method shows more tolerance to resonant frequency drift, contributing to a small signal fluctuation of ≤ 6.4 % over a wide modulation range (>10 times of the QTF bandwidth). The realization of harmonic-phase detection allows strengthening the stability of QTF-based sensors in a simple manner, especially when stable parameters, such as laser power, demodulation phase, even resonant frequency, cannot always be maintained.

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用于石英增强光声热弹光谱的谐波相位敏感检测技术

基于石英音叉（QTF）的光声光谱学和热弹性光谱学技术具有独特的高灵敏度和紧凑性，在痕量气体传感方面发挥着重要作用。然而，这两种技术的稳定性仍然受到不可避免且不可预测的激光功率变化和解调相位变化的困扰。在此，我们研究了在集成这两种技术以增强气体传感时 QTF 的相位变化。以谐波相位敏感的甲烷检测为例，我们在不同激光功率（2.4-9.4 mW）和不同解调相位（-90-90°）条件下实现了稳定的气体测量。此外，这种方法对谐振频率漂移的耐受性更强，在较宽的调制范围（10 倍 QTF 带宽）内，信号波动≤ 6.4%。谐波相位检测的实现能够以简单的方式增强基于 QTF 的传感器的稳定性，尤其是在激光功率、解调相位甚至谐振频率等稳定参数无法始终保持的情况下。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Photoacoustics Physics and Astronomy-Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

CiteScore

11.40

自引率

16.50%

发文量

审稿时长

53 days

期刊介绍： The open access Photoacoustics journal (PACS) aims to publish original research and review contributions in the field of photoacoustics-optoacoustics-thermoacoustics. This field utilizes acoustical and ultrasonic phenomena excited by electromagnetic radiation for the detection, visualization, and characterization of various materials and biological tissues, including living organisms. Recent advancements in laser technologies, ultrasound detection approaches, inverse theory, and fast reconstruction algorithms have greatly supported the rapid progress in this field. The unique contrast provided by molecular absorption in photoacoustic-optoacoustic-thermoacoustic methods has allowed for addressing unmet biological and medical needs such as pre-clinical research, clinical imaging of vasculature, tissue and disease physiology, drug efficacy, surgery guidance, and therapy monitoring. Applications of this field encompass a wide range of medical imaging and sensing applications, including cancer, vascular diseases, brain neurophysiology, ophthalmology, and diabetes. Moreover, photoacoustics-optoacoustics-thermoacoustics is a multidisciplinary field, with contributions from chemistry and nanotechnology, where novel materials such as biodegradable nanoparticles, organic dyes, targeted agents, theranostic probes, and genetically expressed markers are being actively developed. These advanced materials have significantly improved the signal-to-noise ratio and tissue contrast in photoacoustic methods.