Enguang Nie, Yandao Chen, Shengwei Xu, Zhiyang Yu, Qingfu Ye, Qing X Li, Zhen Yang, Haiyan Wang
{"title":"Charged polystyrene microplastics inhibit uptake and transformation of <sup>14</sup>C-triclosan in hydroponics-cabbage system.","authors":"Enguang Nie, Yandao Chen, Shengwei Xu, Zhiyang Yu, Qingfu Ye, Qing X Li, Zhen Yang, Haiyan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jare.2024.07.009","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Since the outbreak of COVID-19, microplastics (MPs) and triclosan in pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are markedly rising. MPs and triclosan are co-present in the environment, but their interactions and subsequent implications on the fate of triclosan in plants are not well understood.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate effects of charged polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) on the fate of triclosan in cabbage plants under a hydroponic system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><sup>14</sup>C-labeling method and liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) analysis were applied to clarify the bioaccumulation, distribution, and metabolism of triclosan in hydroponics-cabbage system. The distribution of differentially charged PS-MPs in cabbage was investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that MPs had a significant impact on bioaccumulation and metabolism of triclosan in hydroponics-cabbage system. PS-COO<sup>-</sup>, PS, and PS-NH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> MPs decreased the bioaccumulation of triclosan in cabbage by 69.1 %, 81.5 %, and 87.7 %, respectively, in comparison with the non-MP treatment (control). PS-MPs also reduced the translocation of triclosan from the roots to the shoots in cabbage, with a reduction rate of 15.6 %, 28.3 %, and 65.8 % for PS-COO<sup>-</sup>, PS, and PS-NH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup>, respectively. In addition, PS-NH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> profoundly inhibited the triclosan metabolism pathways such as sulfonation, nitration, and nitrosation in the hydroponics-cabbage system. The above findings might be linked to strong adsorption between PS-NH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> and triclosan, and PS-NH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> may also potentially inhibit the growth of cabbage. Specially, the amount of triclosan adsorbed on PS-NH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> was significantly greater than that on PS and PS-COO<sup>-</sup>. The cabbage biomass was reduced by 76.9 % in PS-NH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> groups, in comparison with the control.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The uptake and transformation of triclosan in hydroponics-cabbage system were significantly inhibited by charged PS-MPs, especially PS-NH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup>. This provides new insights into the fate of triclosan and other PPCPs coexisted with microplastics for potential risk assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":94063,"journal":{"name":"Journal of advanced research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of advanced research","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2024.07.009","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Introduction: Since the outbreak of COVID-19, microplastics (MPs) and triclosan in pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are markedly rising. MPs and triclosan are co-present in the environment, but their interactions and subsequent implications on the fate of triclosan in plants are not well understood.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate effects of charged polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) on the fate of triclosan in cabbage plants under a hydroponic system.
Methods: 14C-labeling method and liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) analysis were applied to clarify the bioaccumulation, distribution, and metabolism of triclosan in hydroponics-cabbage system. The distribution of differentially charged PS-MPs in cabbage was investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.
Results: The results showed that MPs had a significant impact on bioaccumulation and metabolism of triclosan in hydroponics-cabbage system. PS-COO-, PS, and PS-NH3+ MPs decreased the bioaccumulation of triclosan in cabbage by 69.1 %, 81.5 %, and 87.7 %, respectively, in comparison with the non-MP treatment (control). PS-MPs also reduced the translocation of triclosan from the roots to the shoots in cabbage, with a reduction rate of 15.6 %, 28.3 %, and 65.8 % for PS-COO-, PS, and PS-NH3+, respectively. In addition, PS-NH3+ profoundly inhibited the triclosan metabolism pathways such as sulfonation, nitration, and nitrosation in the hydroponics-cabbage system. The above findings might be linked to strong adsorption between PS-NH3+ and triclosan, and PS-NH3+ may also potentially inhibit the growth of cabbage. Specially, the amount of triclosan adsorbed on PS-NH3+ was significantly greater than that on PS and PS-COO-. The cabbage biomass was reduced by 76.9 % in PS-NH3+ groups, in comparison with the control.
Conclusion: The uptake and transformation of triclosan in hydroponics-cabbage system were significantly inhibited by charged PS-MPs, especially PS-NH3+. This provides new insights into the fate of triclosan and other PPCPs coexisted with microplastics for potential risk assessments.