Attachment and inter-individual differences in empathy, compassion, and theory of mind abilities.

IF 3.3 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL
Attachment & Human Development Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-15 DOI:10.1080/14616734.2024.2376762
Mathilde Gallistl, Melanie Kungl, Sandra Gabler, Philipp Kanske, Pascal Vrticka, Veronika Engert
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Abstract

Social processing, namely the ability to understand others' cognitive and affective states, is crucial for successful social interaction. It encompasses socio-affective abilities such as empathy and compassion, as well as socio-cognitive abilities such as theory of mind (ToM). This study examined the link between social processing and attachment. Our study goes beyond previous research in that social processing abilities were assessed in a single, state-of-the-art behavioral paradigm using video narratives, the EmpaToM. Attachment was captured with the Adult Attachment Interview (N = 85; 50.60% women, Mage = 25.87 ± 4.50 years) measuring participants' present-day capacity to think about and communicate attachment-relevant information about the past. Additionally, a self-report attachment questionnaire was employed (N = 158). We found that AAI-based attachment security (vs. insecurity) was associated with higher behavioral ToM abilities. Furthermore, self-reported attachment avoidance was negatively correlated with behavioral compassion abilities. Our findings provide further evidence that interview-based and self-reported attachment measures do not converge, but may rather be understood as capturing different facets of attachment that relate to different components of social processing. We conclude that individuals with secure, non-avoidant attachment show social abilities that allow them to better understand others' thoughts and generate positive, caring emotions in face of others' distress.

依恋与同理心、同情心和心智理论能力的个体间差异。
社会处理,即理解他人认知和情感状态的能力,对于成功的社会互动至关重要。它包括同理心和同情心等社会情感能力,以及心智理论(ToM)等社会认知能力。本研究探讨了社会处理与依恋之间的联系。我们的研究超越了以往的研究,因为社会处理能力的评估是在一个单一的、最先进的行为范式中进行的,使用的是视频叙述,即 EmpaToM。依恋是通过成人依恋访谈(N = 85;50.60% 为女性,年龄 = 25.87 ± 4.50 岁)来捕捉的,该访谈测量参与者现在思考和交流与过去依恋相关信息的能力。此外,我们还采用了一份自我报告依恋问卷(N = 158)。我们发现,基于 AAI 的依恋安全感(与不安全感)与较高的行为 ToM 能力相关。此外,自我报告的依恋回避与行为同情能力呈负相关。我们的研究结果进一步证明,基于访谈的依恋测量和自我报告的依恋测量并不一致,而是可以理解为捕捉了依恋的不同方面,这些方面与社会处理的不同组成部分有关。我们的结论是,具有安全型、非回避型依恋的个体所表现出的社会能力能让他们更好地理解他人的想法,并在他人遇到困难时产生积极的关爱情绪。
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来源期刊
Attachment & Human Development
Attachment & Human Development PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL-
CiteScore
7.00
自引率
6.20%
发文量
11
期刊介绍: Attachment & Human Development is the leading forum for the presentation of empirical research, reviews and clinical case studies that reflect contemporary advances in attachment theory and research. The journal addresses the growing demand from the domains of psychology, psychiatry, psychotherapy and related disciplines including nursing and social work, for a clear presentation of ideas, methods and research based on attachment theory.
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