Jiahong Wu, Fujiang Liu, Jie Jiao, Haoran Luo, Shiyu Fan, Jiao Liu, Hongxiang Wang, Ning Cui, Ning Zhao, Qingming Qu, Shigehiro Kuraku, Zhen Huang, Luohao Xu
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Chondrichthyes is an important lineage to reconstruct the evolutionary history of vertebrates. Here, we analyzed genome synteny for six chondrichthyan chromosome-level genomes. Our comparative analysis reveals a slow evolutionary rate of chromosomal changes, with infrequent but independent fusions observed in sharks, skates, and chimaeras. The chondrichthyan common ancestor had a proto-vertebrate-like karyotype, including the presence of 18 microchromosome pairs. The X chromosome is a conversed microchromosome shared by all sharks, suggesting a likely common origin of the sex chromosome at least 181 million years ago. We characterized the Y chromosomes of two sharks that are highly differentiated from the X except for a small young evolutionary stratum and a small pseudoautosomal region. We found that shark sex chromosomes lack global dosage compensation but that dosage-sensitive genes are locally compensated. Our study on shark chromosome evolution enhances our understanding of shark sex chromosomes and vertebrate chromosome evolution.
软骨鱼类是重建脊椎动物进化史的一个重要类群。在这里，我们分析了六个软骨鱼类染色体级基因组的同源关系。我们的比较分析表明，染色体变化的进化速度较慢，在鲨鱼、鳐鱼和奇美拉鱼中观察到不常见但独立的融合。软骨鱼类的共同祖先具有类似原脊椎动物的核型，包括 18 对微染色体。X染色体是所有鲨鱼共有的会话微染色体，这表明性染色体的共同起源可能至少在1.81亿年前。我们对两条鲨鱼的 Y 染色体进行了鉴定，除了一个小的年轻进化层和一个小的假常染色体区域外，它们与 X 染色体高度分化。我们发现鲨鱼的性染色体缺乏整体剂量补偿，但剂量敏感基因得到了局部补偿。我们对鲨鱼染色体进化的研究加深了我们对鲨鱼性染色体和脊椎动物染色体进化的理解。
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