Detection limits and trigger rates for ultra-high energy cosmic ray detection with the EUSO-TA ground-based fluorescence telescope

IF 4.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
J.H. Adams Jr. , L. Anchordoqui , D. Barghini , M. Battisti , A.A. Belov , J.W. Belz , M. Bertaina , F. Bisconti , C. Blaksley , S. Blin-Bondil , F. Capel , M. Casolino , A. Cummings , T. Ebisuzaki , J. Eser , S. Falk , F. Fenu , S. Ferrarese , G. Filippatos , M. Fouka , M.Yu. Zotov
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

EUSO-TA is a ground-based fluorescence telescope built to validate the design of ultra-high energy cosmic ray fluorescence detectors to be operated in space with the technology developed within the Joint Exploratory Missions for Extreme Universe Space Observatory (JEM-EUSO) program. It operates at the Telescope Array (TA) site in Utah, USA. With an external trigger provided by the Black Rock Mesa fluorescence detectors of the Telescope Array experiment, with EUSO-TA we observed air-showers from ultra-high energy cosmic rays, as well as laser events from the Central Laser Facility at the TA site and from portable lasers like the JEM-EUSO Global Light System prototype. Since the Black Rock Mesa fluorescence detectors have a 30 times larger field of view than EUSO-TA, they allow a primary energy reconstruction based on the observation of a large part of the shower evolution, including the shower maximum, while EUSO-TA observes only a part of it, usually far away from the maximum. To estimate the detection limits of EUSO-TA in energy and distance, a method was developed to re-scale their energy, taking into account that EUSO-TA observes only a portion of the air-showers. The method was applied on simulation sets with showers with different primaries, energy, direction, and impact point on the ground, as well as taking into account the experimental environment. EUSO-TA was simulated with an internal trigger and different elevation angles and electronics. The same method was then applied also to real measurements and compared to the simulations. In addition, the method can also be used to estimate the detection limits for experiments that are operated at high altitudes and in most cases can see the maximum of the showers. This was done for EUSO-SPB1, an instrument installed on a super-pressure balloon. Finally, the expected detection rates for EUSO-TA were also assessed using the prepared simulated event sets. The rates correspond to a few detections per recording session of 30 h of observation, depending on the background level and the configuration of the detector.

利用 EUSO-TA 地基荧光望远镜探测超高能量宇宙射线的探测极限和触发率
EUSO-TA是一个地面荧光望远镜,用于验证超高能量宇宙射线荧光探测器的设计,该探测器将利用极端宇宙空间观测站联合探索任务(JEM-EUSO)计划中开发的技术在太空中运行。它在美国犹他州的望远镜阵列(TA)站点运行。通过望远镜阵列实验的黑岩梅萨荧光探测器提供的外部触发器,我们利用 EUSO-TA 观测到了超高能量宇宙射线产生的气流,以及来自 TA 站点中央激光设施和便携式激光器(如 JEM-EUSO 全球光系统原型)的激光事件。由于黑岩梅萨荧光探测器的视场比 EUSO-TA 大 30 倍,因此它们可以根据对包括阵雨最大值在内的大部分阵雨演变过程的观测来重建一次能量,而 EUSO-TA 只观测其中的一部分,通常远离最大值。为了估算 EUSO-TA 在能量和距离方面的探测极限,开发了一种方法来重新测量其能量,同时考虑到 EUSO-TA 只观测到部分气雨。该方法应用于模拟不同基数、能量、方向和地面影响点的阵雨,并考虑了实验环境。模拟 EUSO-TA 时使用了内部触发器以及不同的仰角和电子设备。同样的方法也应用于实际测量,并与模拟结果进行比较。此外,该方法还可用于估算在高空作业的实验的探测极限,在大多数情况下可以看到阵雨的最大值。EUSO-SPB1 就是这样做的,它是安装在超压气球上的仪器。最后,还利用准备好的模拟事件集评估了 EUSO-TA 的预期探测率。根据本底水平和探测器的配置,这些探测率相当于每 30 小时观测记录会话中的几次探测。
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来源期刊
Astroparticle Physics
Astroparticle Physics 地学天文-天文与天体物理
CiteScore
8.00
自引率
2.90%
发文量
41
审稿时长
79 days
期刊介绍: Astroparticle Physics publishes experimental and theoretical research papers in the interacting fields of Cosmic Ray Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmology and Particle Physics focusing on new developments in the following areas: High-energy cosmic-ray physics and astrophysics; Particle cosmology; Particle astrophysics; Related astrophysics: supernova, AGN, cosmic abundances, dark matter etc.; Gravitational waves; High-energy, VHE and UHE gamma-ray astronomy; High- and low-energy neutrino astronomy; Instrumentation and detector developments related to the above-mentioned fields.
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