Call-timing plasticity of a treefrog in response to noise

IF 2.3 2区 生物学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Chunwen Chang , Feng-Chun Lin , Jhan-Wei Lin , Si-Min Lin
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Abstract

Chorusing animals constantly face the challenge of overcoming background noises. To minimize the masking of their own calls by conspecific or heterospecific calls, plasticity in call timing serves as an alternative tactic for chorusing animals. We examined how male rhacophorid treefrogs, Zhangixalus prasinatus, adjust their call timing in response to various noisy environments. When exposed to periodic white noise disturbances with brief silent intervals, the frogs accurately avoided overlapping with the noise and delivered their calls in the silent gaps. Moreover, they delivered long calls earlier than short calls during the silent periods to accommodate the longer duration within a brief silent gap. When exposed to noises of varying frequencies, the frogs specifically avoided medium-frequency noise, which closely matched their own call frequency. This phenomenon was also observed in experiments testing the aggregating behaviour of male frogs; they ceased to aggregate towards conspecific calls when interfered with by medium-frequency noise, whereas high-frequency and low-frequency noise interferences did not elicit the same behaviour. Compared to high-quality males, frogs with low SMi (scaled mass index) exhibited greater plasticity in call timing, indicating a condition-dependent tactic for energy allocation. Such behavioural plasticity in call timing was reflected in natural soundscape recordings. Our recordings revealed that, as a result of these adaptive strategies, males tended to avoid overlapping their calls with background noises in their natural habitats. Our research provides evidence that call plasticity is an effective strategy for chorusing animals to respond to noise at both individual and population levels. Furthermore, our study suggests that plasticity in call timing is a complex decision-making behaviour involving the consideration of noise properties and an individual's body condition.

树蛙对噪音的呼叫时间可塑性
合群动物一直面临着克服背景噪声的挑战。为了最大限度地减少同种或异种叫声对自身叫声的掩蔽,叫声时间的可塑性成为合唱动物的另一种策略。我们研究了雄性犀角树蛙(Zhangixalus prasinatus)如何调整其鸣叫时间以应对各种噪声环境。当暴露于周期性的白噪声干扰和短暂的静默间歇时,蛙类会准确地避免与噪声重叠,并在静默间隙中发出叫声。此外,它们在静默期间发出长叫声的时间早于发出短叫声的时间,以适应短暂静默间隙中较长的持续时间。当暴露于不同频率的噪音时,蛙类会特别避开中频噪音,因为中频噪音与它们自身的鸣叫频率非常接近。在测试雄蛙聚集行为的实验中也观察到了这一现象;当受到中频噪声干扰时,雄蛙不再向同类的叫声聚集,而高频和低频噪声干扰则不会引起雄蛙的同样行为。与优质雄蛙相比,低SMi(按比例质量指数)雄蛙在鸣叫时间上表现出更大的可塑性,这表明它们的能量分配策略与条件有关。这种行为上的可塑性在自然声景录音中也有所反映。我们的记录显示,由于这些适应性策略,雄性往往会避免在自然栖息地与背景噪声重叠。我们的研究证明,在个体和种群水平上,叫声可塑性是和鸣动物应对噪声的一种有效策略。此外,我们的研究还表明,鸣叫时间的可塑性是一种复杂的决策行为,需要考虑噪声特性和个体的身体状况。
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来源期刊
Animal Behaviour
Animal Behaviour 生物-动物学
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
8.00%
发文量
236
审稿时长
10.2 weeks
期刊介绍: Growing interest in behavioural biology and the international reputation of Animal Behaviour prompted an expansion to monthly publication in 1989. Animal Behaviour continues to be the journal of choice for biologists, ethologists, psychologists, physiologists, and veterinarians with an interest in the subject.
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