Heffter spaces

Abstract

The notion of a Heffter array, which received much attention in the last decade, is equivalent to a pair of orthogonal Heffter systems. In this paper we study the existence problem of a set of r mutually orthogonal Heffter systems for any r. Such a set is equivalent to a resolvable partial linear space of degree r whose parallel classes are Heffter systems: this is a new combinatorial design that we call a Heffter space. We present a series of direct constructions of Heffter spaces with odd block size and arbitrarily large degree r obtained with the crucial use of finite fields. Among the applications we establish, in particular, that if $q=2kw+1$ is a prime power with kw odd and $k\ge 3$, then there are at least $\lceil \frac{w}{4k^4}\rceil$ mutually orthogonal k-cycle systems of order q.