The role of microglia in early neurodevelopment and the effects of maternal immune activation.

IF 7.9 2区医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY

Seminars in Immunopathology Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI:10.1007/s00281-024-01017-6

L J M Mastenbroek, S M Kooistra, B J L Eggen, J R Prins

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Abstract

Activation of the maternal immune system during gestation has been associated with an increased risk for neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring, particularly schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder. Microglia, the tissue-resident macrophages of the central nervous system, are implicated as potential mediators of this increased risk. Early in development, microglia start populating the embryonic central nervous system and in addition to their traditional role as immune responders under homeostatic conditions, microglia are also intricately involved in various early neurodevelopmental processes. The timing of immune activation may interfere with microglia functioning during early neurodevelopment, potentially leading to long-term consequences in postnatal life. In this review we will discuss the involvement of microglia in brain development during the prenatal and early postnatal stages of life, while also examining the effects of maternal immune activation on microglia and neurodevelopmental processes. Additionally, we discuss recent single cell RNA-sequencing studies focusing on microglia during prenatal development, and hypothesize how early life microglial priming, potentially through epigenetic reprogramming, may be related to neurodevelopmental disorders.

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小胶质细胞在早期神经发育中的作用以及母体免疫激活的影响。

妊娠期间母体免疫系统的激活与后代神经发育障碍风险的增加有关，尤其是精神分裂症和自闭症谱系障碍。中枢神经系统的组织驻留巨噬细胞--小胶质细胞，被认为是这种风险增加的潜在媒介。在发育早期，小胶质细胞就开始填充胚胎中枢神经系统，除了在平衡状态下作为免疫反应器的传统角色外，小胶质细胞还错综复杂地参与了各种早期神经发育过程。免疫激活的时机可能会干扰小胶质细胞在早期神经发育过程中的功能，从而可能导致出生后的长期后果。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论小胶质细胞在产前和产后早期阶段参与大脑发育的情况，同时还将探讨母体免疫激活对小胶质细胞和神经发育过程的影响。此外，我们还将讨论最近针对产前发育过程中小胶质细胞的单细胞 RNA 序列研究，并假设生命早期的小胶质细胞引物可能通过表观遗传重编程与神经发育障碍有关。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Seminars in Immunopathology 医学-病理学

CiteScore

19.80

自引率

2.20%

发文量

审稿时长

12 months

期刊介绍： The aim of Seminars in Immunopathology is to bring clinicians and pathologists up-to-date on developments in the field of immunopathology.For this purpose topical issues will be organized usually with the help of a guest editor.Recent developments are summarized in review articles by authors who have personally contributed to the specific topic.