Physiology, Biochemistry, and Transcriptomics Jointly Reveal the Phytotoxicity Mechanism of Acetochlor on Pisum sativum L.

IF 3.6 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI:10.1002/etc.5936

Tingfeng Ma, Lei Ma, Ruonan Wei, Ling Xu, Yantong Ma, Zhen Chen, Junhong Dang, Shaoying Ma, Sheng Li

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Abstract

Acetochlor, as a commonly used pre-emergent herbicide, can be toxic to crops and affect production if used improperly. However, the toxic mechanism of acetochlor on plants is not fully understood. The present study used a combination of transcriptomic analysis and physiological measurements to investigate the effects of short-term (15-day) exposure to different concentrations of acetochlor (1, 10, 20 mg/kg) on the morphology, physiology, and transcriptional levels of pea seedlings, aiming to elucidate the toxic response and resistance mechanisms in pea seedlings under herbicide stress. The results showed that the toxicity of acetochlor to pea seedlings was dose-dependent, manifested as dwarfing and stem base browning with increasing concentrations, especially at 10 mg/kg and above. Analysis of the antioxidant system showed that from the 1 mg/kg treatment, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and glutathione peroxidase in peas increased with increasing concentrations of acetochlor, indicating oxidative damage. Analysis of the glutathione (GSH) metabolism system showed that under 10 mg/kg treatment, the GSH content of pea plants significantly increased, and GSH transferase activity and gene expression were significantly induced, indicating a detoxification response in plants. Transcriptomic analysis showed that after acetochlor treatment, differentially expressed genes in peas were significantly enriched in the phenylpropane metabolic pathway, and the levels of key metabolites (flavonoids and lignin) were increased. In addition, we found that acetochlor-induced dwarfing of pea seedlings may be related to gibberellin signal transduction. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2005–2019. © 2024 SETAC

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生理学、生物化学和转录组学共同揭示了乙草胺对豌豆的植物毒性机制

乙草胺是一种常用的芽前除草剂，如果使用不当，会对作物产生毒性并影响产量。然而，乙草胺对植物的毒性机理尚未完全清楚。本研究采用转录组分析和生理测定相结合的方法，研究短期（15天）暴露于不同浓度的乙草胺（1、10、20 mg/kg）对豌豆幼苗形态、生理和转录水平的影响，旨在阐明除草剂胁迫下豌豆幼苗的毒性反应和抗性机制。结果表明，乙草胺对豌豆幼苗的毒性呈剂量依赖性，随着浓度的增加，表现为矮化和茎基部褐变，尤其是在 10 mg/kg 以上浓度时。对抗氧化系统的分析表明，从 1 毫克/千克处理开始，豌豆中的丙二醛、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶随着乙草胺浓度的增加而增加，表明存在氧化损伤。对谷胱甘肽（GSH）代谢系统的分析表明，在 10 毫克/千克的处理条件下，豌豆植株的 GSH 含量显著增加，GSH 转移酶活性和基因表达均显著诱导，表明植物存在解毒反应。转录组分析表明，乙草胺处理后，豌豆中差异表达基因在苯丙氨酸代谢途径中明显富集，关键代谢产物（黄酮类化合物和木质素）的含量也有所增加。此外，我们还发现乙草胺诱导的豌豆幼苗矮化可能与赤霉素信号转导有关。环境毒物化学 2024;00:1-15。© 2024 SETAC.

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来源期刊

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 环境科学-毒理学

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

9.80%

发文量

265

审稿时长

3.4 months

期刊介绍： The Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) publishes two journals: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (ET&C) and Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management (IEAM). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry is dedicated to furthering scientific knowledge and disseminating information on environmental toxicology and chemistry, including the application of these sciences to risk assessment.[...] Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry is interdisciplinary in scope and integrates the fields of environmental toxicology; environmental, analytical, and molecular chemistry; ecology; physiology; biochemistry; microbiology; genetics; genomics; environmental engineering; chemical, environmental, and biological modeling; epidemiology; and earth sciences. ET&C seeks to publish papers describing original experimental or theoretical work that significantly advances understanding in the area of environmental toxicology, environmental chemistry and hazard/risk assessment. Emphasis is given to papers that enhance capabilities for the prediction, measurement, and assessment of the fate and effects of chemicals in the environment, rather than simply providing additional data. The scientific impact of papers is judged in terms of the breadth and depth of the findings and the expected influence on existing or future scientific practice. Methodological papers must make clear not only how the work differs from existing practice, but the significance of these differences to the field. Site-based research or monitoring must have regional or global implications beyond the particular site, such as evaluating processes, mechanisms, or theory under a natural environmental setting.