A review of the direct targets of the cannabinoids cannabidiol, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, N-arachidonoylethanolamine and 2-arachidonoylglycerol.

IF 3.1 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES
AIMS Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-04-30 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.3934/Neuroscience.2024009
Nicholas J D Wright
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Marijuana has been used by humans for thousands of years for both medicinal and recreational purposes. This included the treatment of pain, inflammation, seizures, and nausea. In the 1960s, the structure of the principal psychoactive ingredient Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol was determined, and over the next few decades, two cannabinoid receptors were characterized along with the human endocannabinoid system and what it affects. This includes metabolism, the cardiovascular and reproductive systems, and it is involved in such conditions as inflammation, cancer, glaucoma, and liver and musculoskeletal disorders. In the central nervous system, the endocannabinoid system has been linked to appetite, learning, memory, and conditions such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, stroke, multiple sclerosis, neurodegeneration, addiction, and epilepsy. It was the profound effectiveness of cannabidiol, a non-psychoactive ingredient of marijuana, to relieve the symptoms of Dravet syndrome, a severe form of childhood epilepsy, that recently helped spur marijuana research. This has helped substantially to change society's attitude towards this potential source of useful drugs. However, research has also revealed that the actions of endocannabinoids, such as anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, and the phytocannabinoids, tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol, were not just due to interactions with the two cannabinoid receptors but by acting directly on many other targets including various G-protein receptors and cation channels, such as the transient receptor potential channels for example. This mini-review attempts to survey the effects of these 4 important cannabinoids on these currently identified targets.

大麻素大麻二酚、Δ9-四氢大麻酚、N-水杨酰乙醇胺和 2-水杨酰甘油的直接靶标综述。
数千年来,人类一直将大麻用于医疗和娱乐目的。这包括治疗疼痛、炎症、癫痫发作和恶心。20 世纪 60 年代,人们确定了大麻的主要精神活性成分Δ9-四氢大麻酚的结构,在接下来的几十年里,人们确定了两种大麻素受体的特征,以及人体内源性大麻素系统及其影响。这包括新陈代谢、心血管和生殖系统,还涉及炎症、癌症、青光眼、肝脏和肌肉骨骼疾病等。在中枢神经系统中,内大麻素系统与食欲、学习、记忆以及抑郁症、焦虑症、精神分裂症、中风、多发性硬化症、神经变性、成瘾和癫痫等疾病有关。大麻中的一种非精神活性成分大麻二酚对缓解严重的儿童癫痫--德雷维综合征的症状有显著效果,这也促进了大麻研究的发展。这大大有助于改变社会对这一潜在有用药物来源的态度。然而,研究还发现,内源性大麻素(如安乃近和 2-丙烯酰甘油)和植物大麻素(如四氢大麻酚和大麻二酚)的作用不仅仅是与两种大麻素受体相互作用,而是直接作用于许多其他靶点,包括各种 G 蛋白受体和阳离子通道,例如瞬时受体电位通道。这篇微型综述试图探讨这 4 种重要大麻素对这些目前已确定靶点的影响。
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来源期刊
AIMS Neuroscience
AIMS Neuroscience NEUROSCIENCES-
CiteScore
4.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
26
审稿时长
8 weeks
期刊介绍: AIMS Neuroscience is an international Open Access journal devoted to publishing peer-reviewed, high quality, original papers from all areas in the field of neuroscience. The primary focus is to provide a forum in which to expedite the speed with which theoretical neuroscience progresses toward generating testable hypotheses. In the presence of current and developing technology that offers unprecedented access to functions of the nervous system at all levels, the journal is designed to serve the role of providing the widest variety of the best theoretical views leading to suggested studies. Single blind peer review is provided for all articles and commentaries.
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