Destructuring a shield to rebuild the history: The case of the painted wooden shield from the battle of Lepanto in Marino (Rome, Italy)

IF 1.5 3区 地球科学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY
Archaeometry Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI:10.1111/arcm.13008
Morena Iorio, Valerio Graziani, Ludovica Ruggiero, Elisabetta Biscarini, Roberto Libera, Giancarlo Della Ventura, Mariaelena Fedi, Serena Barone, Lucia Liccioli, Paolo Branchini, Armida Sodo, Luca Tortora
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

A painted wooden shield from the 16th century, commonly traced back to the famous Lepanto Battle (1571), was investigated by a multi‐analytical approach to identify its manufacturing process and shed light on its cultural provenance. The typology is coherent with both the Christian and Ottoman armies and does not allow for an attribution. Radiocarbon dated the shield to two time intervals (1470–1525, 1580–1625, at 68% level of probability), compatible with the date of the Battle of Lepanto. Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy, Attenuated Total Reflectance, External Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared, micro‐Raman and Energy Dispersive X‐ray Spectroscopy, and histochemical and shrinking temperature tests were used to characterize the artefact. The shield resulted to be made of softwood panels, covered by a stratigraphy of flax fibres, cattle skin, and a painting preparation layer of hydromagnesite. Adhesion was ensured by bone glue. Oblique, red, and cinnabar stripes alternating on the white preparation are visible on the front of the shield, whereas a homogeneous dark paint covers the back. None of the raw materials was informative by themselves, but the unusual presence of the hydromagnesite could be crossed with the geographical context, resulting in a promising outcome for future isotopic and trace element studies.
改造盾牌,重建历史:马里诺(意大利罗马)莱庞托战役彩绘木盾案例
我们采用多重分析方法对一面 16 世纪的彩绘木盾(通常可追溯到著名的莱庞托战役(1571 年))进行了研究,以确定其制造工艺并揭示其文化渊源。该盾牌的类型与基督教和奥斯曼帝国的军队一致,无法确定其归属。放射性碳测定盾牌的年代为两个时间段(1470-1525 年和 1580-1625 年,概率为 68%),与莱庞托战役的日期相符。为了确定文物的特征,使用了光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜、衰减全反射、外反射傅立叶变换红外光谱、微拉曼光谱和能量色散 X 射线光谱,以及组织化学和收缩温度测试。盾牌由软木板制成,表面覆盖亚麻纤维层、牛皮层和水镁石绘画准备层。骨胶确保了粘合力。盾牌正面可以看到在白色准备层上交替出现的斜条纹、红色条纹和朱砂条纹,而背面则覆盖着均匀的深色涂料。这些原材料本身都不具有参考价值,但是水镁石的不寻常存在可以与地理环境相联系,从而为未来的同位素和微量元素研究带来希望。
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来源期刊
Archaeometry
Archaeometry 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
12.50%
发文量
105
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Archaeometry is an international research journal covering the application of the physical and biological sciences to archaeology, anthropology and art history. Topics covered include dating methods, artifact studies, mathematical methods, remote sensing techniques, conservation science, environmental reconstruction, biological anthropology and archaeological theory. Papers are expected to have a clear archaeological, anthropological or art historical context, be of the highest scientific standards, and to present data of international relevance. The journal is published on behalf of the Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, Oxford University, in association with Gesellschaft für Naturwissenschaftliche Archäologie, ARCHAEOMETRIE, the Society for Archaeological Sciences (SAS), and Associazione Italian di Archeometria.
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