{"title":"The Role of Funneliformis mosseae Symbiosis on Cotton Plants under Lead Toxicity: Molecular and Physiological Aspects","authors":"X. Li","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724604129","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can impact the host’s response to various environmental challenges, including lead (Pb) stress. Consequently, an investigation was set up to evaluate how the inoculation of <i>Funneliformis mosseae</i> (<i>F.</i> <i>mosseae</i>; FM) impacts the defense mechanisms in cotton plants subjected to Pb (1000 mg/kg) stress. The Pb treatment resulted in a substantial rise in Pb accumulation in both the roots and leaves. This led to elevated levels of methylglyoxal and hydrogen peroxide in the cotton leaves, accompanied by an increase in malondialdehyde content, ion leakage, and a reduction in photosynthetic pigments. The alterations were linked to a decline in photosynthetic performance and overall plant growth. Nevertheless, inoculation with the <i>F. mosseae</i> fungus resulted in the enhancement of photosynthetic pigment contents and the upregulation of <i>Rubisco S</i> and <i>Rubisco L</i> subunits, contributing to the protection of photosynthetic processes in stressed plants. Furthermore, this symbiotic fungus, through reducing Pb absorption and inducing increased activity of antioxidant and glyoxalase enzymes, led to the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and methylglyoxal levels while safeguarding membrane integrity under Pb stress. Plants inoculated with <i>F. mosseae</i> exhibited higher levels of metal-sequestering organic compounds, including glutathione and phytochelatins, in both roots and leaves, indicating their protective role in sequestering Pb from leaf tissues against Pb toxicity. This symbiosis also made photosynthetic organs more resistant to Pb toxicity by changing the metabolism of polyamines and making more spermidine and spermine levels in the leaves. Our research provides a theoretical foundation for the remediation of the symbiotic relationship between <i>F. mosseae</i> and cotton in environments contaminated with lead.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724604129","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"PLANT SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can impact the host’s response to various environmental challenges, including lead (Pb) stress. Consequently, an investigation was set up to evaluate how the inoculation of Funneliformis mosseae (F.mosseae; FM) impacts the defense mechanisms in cotton plants subjected to Pb (1000 mg/kg) stress. The Pb treatment resulted in a substantial rise in Pb accumulation in both the roots and leaves. This led to elevated levels of methylglyoxal and hydrogen peroxide in the cotton leaves, accompanied by an increase in malondialdehyde content, ion leakage, and a reduction in photosynthetic pigments. The alterations were linked to a decline in photosynthetic performance and overall plant growth. Nevertheless, inoculation with the F. mosseae fungus resulted in the enhancement of photosynthetic pigment contents and the upregulation of Rubisco S and Rubisco L subunits, contributing to the protection of photosynthetic processes in stressed plants. Furthermore, this symbiotic fungus, through reducing Pb absorption and inducing increased activity of antioxidant and glyoxalase enzymes, led to the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and methylglyoxal levels while safeguarding membrane integrity under Pb stress. Plants inoculated with F. mosseae exhibited higher levels of metal-sequestering organic compounds, including glutathione and phytochelatins, in both roots and leaves, indicating their protective role in sequestering Pb from leaf tissues against Pb toxicity. This symbiosis also made photosynthetic organs more resistant to Pb toxicity by changing the metabolism of polyamines and making more spermidine and spermine levels in the leaves. Our research provides a theoretical foundation for the remediation of the symbiotic relationship between F. mosseae and cotton in environments contaminated with lead.
摘要丛生菌根真菌可影响宿主对各种环境挑战的反应，包括铅（Pb）胁迫。因此，我们进行了一项调查，以评估接种Funneliformis mosseae（F. mosseae；FM）如何影响棉花植株在铅（1000 mg/kg）胁迫下的防御机制。铅处理导致根部和叶片中的铅积累量大幅上升。这导致棉花叶片中的甲基乙二醛和过氧化氢水平升高，同时丙二醛含量增加、离子泄漏和光合色素减少。这些变化与光合作用性能和植物整体生长的下降有关。然而，接种 F. mosseae 真菌后，光合色素含量增加，Rubisco S 和 Rubisco L 亚基上调，有助于保护受胁迫植物的光合过程。此外，这种共生真菌通过减少对铅的吸收，提高抗氧化酶和乙二醛酶的活性，降低了过氧化氢和甲基乙二醛的水平，同时保护了铅胁迫下膜的完整性。接种了 F. mosseae 的植物在根部和叶片中都表现出较高水平的金属螯合有机化合物，包括谷胱甘肽和植物螯合素，这表明它们在螯合叶片组织中的铅以防止铅毒性方面发挥了保护作用。这种共生关系还通过改变多胺的代谢，使叶片中的亚精胺和精胺含量增加，从而使光合器官对铅毒性具有更强的抵抗力。我们的研究为修复铅污染环境中 F. mosseae 与棉花之间的共生关系提供了理论基础。
期刊介绍：
Russian Journal of Plant Physiology is a leading journal in phytophysiology. It embraces the full spectrum of plant physiology and brings together the related aspects of biophysics, biochemistry, cytology, anatomy, genetics, etc. The journal publishes experimental and theoretical articles, reviews, short communications, and descriptions of new methods. Some issues cover special problems of plant physiology, thus presenting collections of articles and providing information in rapidly growing fields. The editorial board is highly interested in publishing research from all countries and accepts manuscripts in English.
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