{"title":"Cost-effective deposition of WO3 films by AACVD method for electrochromic applications: Influence of precursor concentration","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.07.074","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present study, the effect of precursor concentration for WO<sub>3</sub><span> deposition by AACVD method was investigated. At the outset, H</span><sub>2</sub>WO<sub>4</sub> was synthesized as the precursor for the deposition process. In the next step, H<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>4</sub><span><span> solutions used in the AACVD<span> process, with concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, and 1 M, were evaluated using a static wettability<span> test. CV test revealed that at a concentration of 0.5 M, a higher number of charge carriers were involved in the </span></span></span>redox process<span><span>. CA and EIS<span> tests were also employed to measure the impact of concentration on the electrochemical properties<span> of the coated samples. Based on these findings, the concentration of 0.5 M was identified as optimal. Subsequently, Triton X-100 was added to the solution as a surfactant, and the deposition process was carried out. All the aforementioned tests were also conducted on the 0.5 M + Triton sample. Microstructural studies showed that the addition of Triton X-100 to the 0.5 M solution significantly improved the uniformity of the deposited </span></span></span>tungsten<span> oxide films. Based on optical measurements, the 0.5 M + Triton sample exhibited the optimal optical modulation (55.66 %), and coloration efficiency (40.37 cm</span></span></span><sup>2</sup>C<sup>-1</sup>) at the wavelength of 633 nm.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Ceramics International","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272884224029547","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of precursor concentration for WO3 deposition by AACVD method was investigated. At the outset, H2WO4 was synthesized as the precursor for the deposition process. In the next step, H2WO4 solutions used in the AACVD process, with concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, and 1 M, were evaluated using a static wettability test. CV test revealed that at a concentration of 0.5 M, a higher number of charge carriers were involved in the redox process. CA and EIS tests were also employed to measure the impact of concentration on the electrochemical properties of the coated samples. Based on these findings, the concentration of 0.5 M was identified as optimal. Subsequently, Triton X-100 was added to the solution as a surfactant, and the deposition process was carried out. All the aforementioned tests were also conducted on the 0.5 M + Triton sample. Microstructural studies showed that the addition of Triton X-100 to the 0.5 M solution significantly improved the uniformity of the deposited tungsten oxide films. Based on optical measurements, the 0.5 M + Triton sample exhibited the optimal optical modulation (55.66 %), and coloration efficiency (40.37 cm2C-1) at the wavelength of 633 nm.
期刊介绍:
Ceramics International covers the science of advanced ceramic materials. The journal encourages contributions that demonstrate how an understanding of the basic chemical and physical phenomena may direct materials design and stimulate ideas for new or improved processing techniques, in order to obtain materials with desired structural features and properties.
Ceramics International covers oxide and non-oxide ceramics, functional glasses, glass ceramics, amorphous inorganic non-metallic materials (and their combinations with metal and organic materials), in the form of particulates, dense or porous bodies, thin/thick films and laminated, graded and composite structures. Process related topics such as ceramic-ceramic joints or joining ceramics with dissimilar materials, as well as surface finishing and conditioning are also covered. Besides traditional processing techniques, manufacturing routes of interest include innovative procedures benefiting from externally applied stresses, electromagnetic fields and energetic beams, as well as top-down and self-assembly nanotechnology approaches. In addition, the journal welcomes submissions on bio-inspired and bio-enabled materials designs, experimentally validated multi scale modelling and simulation for materials design, and the use of the most advanced chemical and physical characterization techniques of structure, properties and behaviour.
Technologically relevant low-dimensional systems are a particular focus of Ceramics International. These include 0, 1 and 2-D nanomaterials (also covering CNTs, graphene and related materials, and diamond-like carbons), their nanocomposites, as well as nano-hybrids and hierarchical multifunctional nanostructures that might integrate molecular, biological and electronic components.