NOX Emission Prediction of Diesel Engine Based on GWO-LSTM

IF 1.5 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Automotive Technology Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI:10.1007/s12239-024-00068-w

Biwei Lu, Jiehui Li

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Diesel engine NOx is the main harmful emission of motor vehicles. Accurate measurement of NOx emission is beneficial to the control of SCR (selective catalytic reduction) urea injection so as to reduce emissions. At present, NOx emission value is mainly obtained by NOx sensor or MAP calibration and these two methods have limitations in practical applications. In this study, PCA (principal component analysis) is used to reduce the dimension of diesel engine operating data of WHTC (the world harmonized transient cycle) bench test, which can make data visualized in three-dimensional space. Then transient diesel engine NOx prediction model is built based on LSTM, and GWO (grey wolf optimizer) is used to optimize the parameters of LSTM. The results showed that R² (determination coefficients) of the GWO-LSTM is 0.987; In the untrained data set, MAE (mean absolute error), MAPE (mean absolute percentage error) and RMSE (root mean square error) are 18.75 × 10^–6, 3.23% and 20.29 × 10^–6, respectively. The same accuracy index are be compared with PSO-BP and static map. It is proved that the GWO-LSTM model can accurately predict the transient NOx emission of diesel engine, and also has good generalization ability with reliability, which provides a reference for software instead of hardware to control diesel engine emission.

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基于 GWO-LSTM 的柴油发动机氮氧化物排放预测

柴油发动机的氮氧化物是机动车的主要有害排放物。精确测量氮氧化物排放有利于控制 SCR（选择性催化还原）尿素喷射，从而减少排放。目前，氮氧化物排放值主要通过氮氧化物传感器或 MAP 标定获得，这两种方法在实际应用中存在局限性。本研究采用 PCA（主成分分析法）对 WHTC（世界统一瞬态循环）台架试验的柴油发动机运行数据进行降维处理，使数据在三维空间中可视化。然后基于 LSTM 建立瞬态柴油发动机氮氧化物预测模型，并使用 GWO（灰狼优化器）对 LSTM 的参数进行优化。结果表明，GWO-LSTM 的 R2（判定系数）为 0.987；在未训练数据集中，MAE（平均绝对误差）、MAPE（平均绝对百分比误差）和 RMSE（均方根误差）分别为 18.75 × 10-6、3.23% 和 20.29 × 10-6。同样的精度指标与 PSO-BP 和静态地图进行了比较。结果表明，GWO-LSTM 模型能准确预测柴油机的瞬态氮氧化物排放，并具有良好的泛化能力和可靠性，为软件代替硬件控制柴油机排放提供了参考。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Automotive Technology 工程技术-工程：机械

CiteScore

3.10

自引率

12.50%

发文量

129

审稿时长

6 months

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Automotive Technology has as its objective the publication and dissemination of original research in all fields of AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY, SCIENCE and ENGINEERING. It fosters thus the exchange of ideas among researchers in different parts of the world and also among researchers who emphasize different aspects of the foundations and applications of the field. Standing as it does at the cross-roads of Physics, Chemistry, Mechanics, Engineering Design and Materials Sciences, AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY is experiencing considerable growth as a result of recent technological advances. The Journal, by providing an international medium of communication, is encouraging this growth and is encompassing all aspects of the field from thermal engineering, flow analysis, structural analysis, modal analysis, control, vehicular electronics, mechatronis, electro-mechanical engineering, optimum design methods, ITS, and recycling. Interest extends from the basic science to technology applications with analytical, experimental and numerical studies. The emphasis is placed on contributions that appear to be of permanent interest to research workers and engineers in the field. If furthering knowledge in the area of principal concern of the Journal, papers of primary interest to the innovative disciplines of AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY, SCIENCE and ENGINEERING may be published. Papers that are merely illustrations of established principles and procedures, even though possibly containing new numerical or experimental data, will generally not be published. When outstanding advances are made in existing areas or when new areas have been developed to a definitive stage, special review articles will be considered by the editors. No length limitations for contributions are set, but only concisely written papers are published. Brief articles are considered on the basis of technical merit.