Progress on mechanical and tribological characterization of 2D materials by AFM force spectroscopy

IF 6.3 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL
Friction Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI:10.1007/s40544-024-0864-9
Shuai Wu, Jie Gu, Ruiteng Li, Yuening Tang, Lingxiao Gao, Cuihua An, Qibo Deng, Libin Zhao, Ning Hu
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Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) materials are potential candidates for electronic devices due to their unique structures and exceptional physical properties, making them a focal point in nanotechnology research. Accurate assessment of the mechanical and tribological properties of 2D materials is imperative to fully exploit their potential across diverse applications. However, their nanoscale thickness and planar nature pose significant challenges in testing and characterizing their mechanical properties. Among the in situ characterization techniques, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has gained widespread applications in exploring the mechanical behaviour of nanomaterials, because of the easy measurement capability of nano force and displacement from the AFM tips. Specifically, AFM-based force spectroscopy is a common approach for studying the mechanical and tribological properties of 2D materials. This review comprehensively details the methods based on normal force spectroscopy, which are utilized to test and characterize the elastic and fracture properties, adhesion, and fatigue of 2D materials. Additionally, the methods using lateral force spectroscopy can characterize the interfacial properties of 2D materials, including surface friction of 2D materials, shear behaviour of interlayers as well as nanoflake-substrate interfaces. The influence of various factors, such as testing methods, external environments, and the properties of test samples, on the measured mechanical properties is also addressed. In the end, the current challenges and issues in AFM-based measurements of mechanical and tribological properties of 2D materials are discussed, which identifies the trend in the combination of multiple methods concerning the future development of the in situ testing techniques.

Abstract Image

利用原子力显微镜力谱对二维材料进行机械和摩擦学表征的研究进展
二维(2D)材料因其独特的结构和优异的物理性能而成为电子设备的潜在候选材料,并成为纳米技术研究的焦点。要充分挖掘二维材料在各种应用领域的潜力,就必须对其机械和摩擦学特性进行精确评估。然而,二维材料的纳米级厚度和平面特性给测试和表征其机械特性带来了巨大挑战。在原位表征技术中,原子力显微镜(AFM)在探索纳米材料的机械性能方面获得了广泛的应用,这是因为原子力显微镜尖端具有轻松测量纳米力和位移的能力。具体而言,基于原子力显微镜的力谱分析是研究二维材料力学和摩擦学特性的常用方法。本综述全面详述了基于法向力谱的方法,这些方法可用于测试和表征二维材料的弹性和断裂特性、粘附性和疲劳性。此外,使用横向力谱的方法可以表征二维材料的界面特性,包括二维材料的表面摩擦、夹层的剪切行为以及纳米片-基底界面。此外,还探讨了测试方法、外部环境和测试样品特性等各种因素对所测机械特性的影响。最后,还讨论了当前基于原子力显微镜测量二维材料的机械和摩擦学特性所面临的挑战和问题,明确了多种方法相结合的趋势与原位测试技术的未来发展。
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来源期刊
Friction
Friction Engineering-Mechanical Engineering
CiteScore
12.90
自引率
13.20%
发文量
324
审稿时长
13 weeks
期刊介绍: Friction is a peer-reviewed international journal for the publication of theoretical and experimental research works related to the friction, lubrication and wear. Original, high quality research papers and review articles on all aspects of tribology are welcome, including, but are not limited to, a variety of topics, such as: Friction: Origin of friction, Friction theories, New phenomena of friction, Nano-friction, Ultra-low friction, Molecular friction, Ultra-high friction, Friction at high speed, Friction at high temperature or low temperature, Friction at solid/liquid interfaces, Bio-friction, Adhesion, etc. Lubrication: Superlubricity, Green lubricants, Nano-lubrication, Boundary lubrication, Thin film lubrication, Elastohydrodynamic lubrication, Mixed lubrication, New lubricants, New additives, Gas lubrication, Solid lubrication, etc. Wear: Wear materials, Wear mechanism, Wear models, Wear in severe conditions, Wear measurement, Wear monitoring, etc. Surface Engineering: Surface texturing, Molecular films, Surface coatings, Surface modification, Bionic surfaces, etc. Basic Sciences: Tribology system, Principles of tribology, Thermodynamics of tribo-systems, Micro-fluidics, Thermal stability of tribo-systems, etc. Friction is an open access journal. It is published quarterly by Tsinghua University Press and Springer, and sponsored by the State Key Laboratory of Tribology (TsinghuaUniversity) and the Tribology Institute of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.
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