Risk Factors Associated with Cutaneous Reactions Following COVID-19 Vaccine Immunisation: A Registry-Based Case-Control Study.

IF 1.1 Q4 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL
Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-27 DOI:10.21315/mjms2024.31.3.10
Hwei Lin Teh, Thamron Keowmani, Min Moon Tang
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: In Malaysia, following extensive COVID-19 vaccination, Hospital Kuala Lumpur reported an increase in cutaneous reactions post-immunisation. To understand this, a case-control study was initiated to identify potential risk factors.

Methods: This registry-based, unmatched case-control study encompasses all adverse event following immunisation (AEFI) reports associated with COVID-19 vaccines, received by the Department of Pharmacy at Hospital Kuala Lumpur through the Malaysian Adverse Drug Reactions Advisory Committee (MADRAC) AEFI reporting forms. Twenty-four potential risk factors were evaluated, including demographic information, medical history, food allergies, COVID-19 vaccination history and prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, were evaluated using MADRAC AEFI reporting forms. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using univariable and multivariable logistic regression.

Results: Cutaneous reactions were more frequent in middle-aged females, especially after the first COVID-19 vaccine dose. These reactions, primarily mild and generalised, included pruritus and urticaria. Notably, 52% were delayed reactions (more than 4 h post-vaccination). Factors associated with increased risk of cutaneous reaction following COVID-19 immunisation included history of seafood and shellfish allergy (adjusted odds ratio [adjOR]: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.12, 3.96; P = 0.020), history of vaccine allergy (adjOR: 4.07; 95% CI: 1.44, 11.54; P = 0.008), past dermatological diseases (adjOR: 5.48; 95% CI: 2.03, 14.78; P = 0.001), and past medication allergy (adjOR: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.36, 3.31; P = 0.001).

Conclusion: Self-reported histories of allergies to vaccines, foods or medications were found to increase the likelihood of cutaneous reactions following COVID-19 vaccination. These reactions, which were predominantly mild, did not hinder the administration of the second vaccine dose. The majority of reactions occurred after the first dose, manifesting as generalised pruritus and urticaria. They were effectively managed with oral antihistamines and low-dose corticosteroids, thereby avoiding the need for hospitalisation.

与接种 COVID-19 疫苗后皮肤反应相关的风险因素:基于登记的病例对照研究。
背景:在马来西亚,吉隆坡医院在广泛接种 COVID-19 疫苗后报告称,免疫接种后皮肤反应有所增加。为了解这一情况,我们启动了一项病例对照研究,以确定潜在的风险因素:这项以登记为基础的非匹配病例对照研究包括吉隆坡医院药剂部通过马来西亚药物不良反应咨询委员会(MADRAC)AEFI报告表收到的所有与COVID-19疫苗相关的免疫接种后不良反应(AEFI)报告。使用 MADRAC AEFI 报告表评估了 24 个潜在风险因素,包括人口统计学信息、病史、食物过敏史、COVID-19 疫苗接种史和 SARS-CoV-2 感染史。采用单变量和多变量逻辑回归法估算出患病率比(OR)和 95% 的置信区间(CI):结果:皮肤反应在中年女性中更为常见,尤其是在接种第一剂 COVID-19 疫苗后。这些反应主要是轻度和全身性的,包括瘙痒和荨麻疹。值得注意的是,52%为延迟反应(接种后4小时以上)。接种 COVID-19 后皮肤反应风险增加的相关因素包括海鲜和贝类过敏史(调整后的几率比 [adjOR]: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.12, 3.96; P = 0.020)、疫苗过敏史(adjOR:4.07;95% CI:1.44,11.54;P = 0.008)、既往皮肤病史(adjOR:5.48;95% CI:2.03,14.78;P = 0.001)和既往药物过敏史(adjOR:2.12;95% CI:1.36,3.31;P = 0.001):结论:自我报告的疫苗、食物或药物过敏史会增加接种 COVID-19 疫苗后发生皮肤反应的可能性。这些反应主要是轻微的,并不妨碍第二剂疫苗的接种。大多数反应发生在第一剂疫苗接种后,表现为全身瘙痒和荨麻疹。这些反应通过口服抗组胺药和小剂量皮质类固醇得到了有效控制,从而避免了住院治疗。
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来源期刊
Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences
Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL-
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
89
审稿时长
9 weeks
期刊介绍: The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences (MJMS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access, fully online journal that is published at least six times a year. The journal’s scope encompasses all aspects of medical sciences including biomedical, allied health, clinical and social sciences. We accept high quality papers from basic to translational research especially from low & middle income countries, as classified by the United Nations & World Bank (https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/ articles/906519), with the aim that published research will benefit back the bottom billion population from these countries. Manuscripts submitted from developed or high income countries to MJMS must contain data and information that will benefit the socio-health and bio-medical sciences of these low and middle income countries. The MJMS editorial board consists of internationally regarded clinicians and scientists from low and middle income countries.
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