Comparison of the Burden and Temporal Pattern of Hospitalisations Associated With Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Before and After COVID-19 in New Zealand

IF 4.3 4区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI:10.1111/irv.13346

Nikki Turner, Nayyereh Aminisani, Sue Huang, Jane O'Donnell, Adrian Trenholme, David Broderick, Janine Paynter, Lorraine Castelino, Cameron Grant, Peter McIntyre

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Abstract

Background

Changes in the epidemiology of illnesses caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection following the COVID-19 pandemic are reported. The New Zealand (NZ) COVID-19 situation was unique; RSV community transmission was eliminated with the 2020 border closure, with a rapid and large increase in hospitalizations following the relaxation of social isolation measures and the opening of an exclusive border with Australia.

Methods

This active population-based surveillance compared the age-specific incidence and seasonality of RSV-associated hospitalizations in Auckland, NZ, for 2 years before and after the 2020 border closures. Hospitalisation rates between years were compared by age, ethnicity (European/other, Māori, Pacific and Asian) and socioeconomic group (1 = least, 5 = most deprived).

Results

There was no RSV transmission in 2020. In all other years, hospitalisation rates were highest for people of Pacific versus other ethnic groups and for people living in the most deprived quintile of households. RSV hospitalisation rates were higher in 2021 and 2022 than in 2018–19. The epidemic peak was higher in 2021, but not 2022, and the duration was shorter than in 2018–19. In 2021, the increase in RSV hospitalisation rates was significant across all age, sex, ethnic and socioeconomic groups. In 2022, the increase in hospitalisation rates was only significant in one age (1– < 3 years), one ethnic (Asian) and one socioeconomic group (quintile 2).

Conclusions

COVID pandemic responses altered RSV-related hospitalisation seasonal patterns. Atypical features of RSV hospitalisation epidemiology were the increase in rates in older children and young adults, which lessened in 2022. Despite these variations, RSV hospitalisations in NZ continue to disproportionately affect individuals of Pacific ethnicity and those living in more socioeconomically deprived households. Whilst future public health strategies focused on RSV disease mitigation need to consider the potential shifts in epidemiological patterns when the transmission is disrupted, these variances must be considered in the context of longer-standing patterns of unequal disease distribution.

Abstract Image

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COVID-19 前后新西兰呼吸道合胞病毒 (RSV) 相关住院治疗的负担和时间模式比较。

背景：报告了 COVID-19 大流行后呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）感染引起的疾病流行病学的变化。新西兰（NZ）COVID-19 的情况很特殊；随着 2020 年边境关闭，RSV 的社区传播已被消除，而在放松社会隔离措施并开放与澳大利亚的专属边境后，住院人数迅速大幅增加：这项基于人口的主动监测比较了 2020 年边境关闭前后两年新西兰奥克兰 RSV 相关住院的特定年龄发病率和季节性。按年龄、种族（欧裔/其他族裔、毛利族、太平洋岛屿族裔和亚裔）和社会经济群体（1 = 最贫困，5 = 最贫困）对不同年份的住院率进行了比较：结果：2020 年没有 RSV 传播。在所有其他年份中，太平洋岛民的住院率高于其他族裔群体，生活在最贫困的五分之一家庭中的人的住院率也最高。2021 年和 2022 年的 RSV 住院率高于 2018-19 年。2021 年的流行高峰比 2022 年高，持续时间也比 2018-19 年短。2021 年，所有年龄、性别、种族和社会经济群体的 RSV 住院率均显著上升。2022 年，住院率的增加仅在一个年龄组（1- 结论：COVID 大流行应对措施改变了儿童的健康状况：COVID 大流行应对措施改变了 RSV 相关住院的季节性模式。RSV 住院流行病学的非典型特征是大龄儿童和年轻成人的住院率上升，而这一现象在 2022 年有所缓解。尽管存在这些差异，但新西兰的 RSV 住院病例仍然过多地影响着太平洋族裔的人和那些生活在社会经济较为贫困的家庭中的人。虽然未来以缓解 RSV 疾病为重点的公共卫生战略需要考虑传播中断时流行病学模式的潜在变化，但这些差异必须结合长期存在的疾病分布不均模式加以考虑。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 医学-病毒学

CiteScore

7.20

自引率

4.50%

发文量

120

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses is the official journal of the International Society of Influenza and Other Respiratory Virus Diseases - an independent scientific professional society - dedicated to promoting the prevention, detection, treatment, and control of influenza and other respiratory virus diseases. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses is an Open Access journal. Copyright on any research article published by Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses is retained by the author(s). Authors grant Wiley a license to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher. Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified.