Cladistics of Rhipicephalus microplus and laboratory assessment of acaricidal efficacy of different Cassia fistula extracts against R. microplus larvae.

IF 1.8 2区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY
Experimental and Applied Acarology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-09 DOI:10.1007/s10493-024-00947-y
Aman D Moudgil, Dinesh Sharma, Anil K Nehra, Damanpreet Singh, Prashant S Daundkar
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Abstract

The present study aimed to analyze the cladistics and population structure analysis of Rhipicephalus microplus ticks infesting buffaloes in Haryana, India, as well as the assessment of the anti-tick efficacy of the ethanolic extracts of Cassia fistula (bark, pod pulp, and flowers) against R. microplus larvae. The molecular characterization and population structure analysis were performed by targeting the amplification of the partial mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene, whereas anti-tick efficacy was evaluated using a larval packet test. The sequences generated herein revealed a homology of 98.26-100% to the GenBank-archived R. microplus sequences. In population structure analysis, high haplotype (0.500 ± 0.265) and low nucleotide (0.002 ± 0.001) diversities were recorded for the sequences generated in this study. Significantly negative neutrality indices were recorded for the overall dataset. The extracts were found to significantly affect mortality rates in a dose-dependent manner, and the ethanolic extracts of the bark, pod pulp, and flowers of C. fistula exhibited median lethal concentration (LC50) values of 27.989, 40.457, and 49.43 mg/mL, respectively. The LC50 value recorded for the combination of the ethanolic extracts of the bark, flower, and pod pulp of C. fistula was 19.724 mg/mL, whereas the synthetic acaricide ivermectin had an LC50 value of 351.56 mg/mL. In conclusion, R. microplus populations infesting cattle and buffalo hosts in India exhibited negligible genetic differentiation and high gene flow between them. Additionally, the combination of all C. fistula extracts could serve as a potential substitute for the synthetic acaricide.

Abstract Image

Rhipicephalus microplus 的支系分析以及不同决明子提取物对 R. microplus 幼虫杀螨效果的实验室评估。
本研究旨在分析印度哈里亚纳邦水牛所患 Rhipicephalus microplus蜱的支系特征和种群结构分析,以及评估决明子乙醇提取物(树皮、荚果果肉和花)对 R. microplus 幼虫的抗蜱效力。分子特征描述和种群结构分析是通过扩增部分线粒体细胞色素 C 氧化酶亚基 1(cox1)基因进行的,而抗蜱效力则是通过幼虫包测试进行评估的。本文所产生的序列与 GenBank 存档的 R. microplus 序列的同源性为 98.26%-100%。在种群结构分析中,本研究产生的序列具有较高的单体型(0.500 ± 0.265)和较低的核苷酸(0.002 ± 0.001)多样性。整个数据集的中性指数呈显著负值。研究发现,这些提取物以剂量依赖的方式对死亡率有明显影响,瘘管属植物树皮、荚果果肉和花的乙醇提取物的中位致死浓度(LC50)值分别为 27.989、40.457 和 49.43 mg/mL。瘘管树树皮、花和荚果果肉乙醇提取物组合的 LC50 值为 19.724 毫克/毫升,而合成杀螨剂伊维菌素的 LC50 值为 351.56 毫克/毫升。总之,印度为害牛和水牛宿主的 R. microplus 种群的遗传分化微乎其微,它们之间的基因流动性很高。此外,所有瘘管属植物提取物的组合可作为合成杀螨剂的潜在替代品。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.90
自引率
9.10%
发文量
81
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Experimental and Applied Acarology publishes peer-reviewed original papers describing advances in basic and applied research on mites and ticks. Coverage encompasses all Acari, including those of environmental, agricultural, medical and veterinary importance, and all the ways in which they interact with other organisms (plants, arthropods and other animals). The subject matter draws upon a wide variety of disciplines, including evolutionary biology, ecology, epidemiology, physiology, biochemistry, toxicology, immunology, genetics, molecular biology and pest management sciences.
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