{"title":"Human determinants of age-dependent patterns of death from infection","authors":"Laurent Abel, Jean-Laurent Casanova","doi":"10.1016/j.immuni.2024.05.020","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Regardless of microbial virulence (i.e., the global infection-fatality ratio), age generally drives the prevalence of death from infection in unvaccinated humans. Four mortality patterns are recognized: the common U- and L-shaped curves of endemic infections and the unique W- and J-shaped curves of pandemic infections. We suggest that these patterns result from different sets of human genetic and immunological determinants. In this model, it is the interplay between (1) monogenic genotypes affecting immunity to primary infection that preferentially manifest early in life and related genotypes or their phenocopies, including auto-antibodies, which manifest later in life and (2) the occurrence and persistence of adaptive, acquired immunity to primary or cross-reactive infections, which shapes the age-dependent pattern of human deaths from infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":13269,"journal":{"name":"Immunity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":25.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Immunity","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2024.05.020","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"IMMUNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Regardless of microbial virulence (i.e., the global infection-fatality ratio), age generally drives the prevalence of death from infection in unvaccinated humans. Four mortality patterns are recognized: the common U- and L-shaped curves of endemic infections and the unique W- and J-shaped curves of pandemic infections. We suggest that these patterns result from different sets of human genetic and immunological determinants. In this model, it is the interplay between (1) monogenic genotypes affecting immunity to primary infection that preferentially manifest early in life and related genotypes or their phenocopies, including auto-antibodies, which manifest later in life and (2) the occurrence and persistence of adaptive, acquired immunity to primary or cross-reactive infections, which shapes the age-dependent pattern of human deaths from infection.
无论微生物的毒力(即全球感染-死亡比率)如何,年龄通常会影响未接种疫苗的人类因感染而死亡的流行率。目前已发现四种死亡模式:流行性感染常见的 U 型和 L 型曲线,以及大流行性感染特有的 W 型和 J 型曲线。我们认为,这些模式是由不同的人类基因和免疫决定因素造成的。在这一模式中,(1) 影响原发性感染免疫力的单基因型在生命早期优先显现,相关基因型或其表型(包括自身抗体)在生命晚期显现,(2) 对原发性感染或交叉反应感染的适应性获得性免疫的发生和持续,这两者之间的相互作用形成了人类死于感染的年龄依赖模式。
期刊介绍:
Immunity is a publication that focuses on publishing significant advancements in research related to immunology. We encourage the submission of studies that offer groundbreaking immunological discoveries, whether at the molecular, cellular, or whole organism level. Topics of interest encompass a wide range, such as cancer, infectious diseases, neuroimmunology, autoimmune diseases, allergies, mucosal immunity, metabolic diseases, and homeostasis.