Investigating the synergistic potential of Si and biochar to immobilize Ni in a Ni-contaminated calcareous soil after Zea mays L. cultivation

IF 5.8 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI:10.5194/soil-10-487-2024

Hamid Reza Boostani, Ailsa G. Hardie, Mahdi Najafi-Ghiri, Ehsan Bijanzadeh, Dariush Khalili, Esmaeil Farrokhnejad

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Abstract

Abstract. In Iran, a significant percentage of agricultural soils are contaminated with a range of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), including Ni, which need to be remediated to prevent their entry into the food chain. Silicon (Si) is a beneficial plant element that has been shown to mitigate the effects of PTEs on crops. Biochar is a soil amendment that sequesters soil carbon and that can immobilize PTEs and enhance crop growth in soils. No previous studies have examined the potentially synergistic effect of Si and biochar on the Ni concentration in soil chemical fractions and the immobilization thereof. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the interactive effects of Si and biochar with respect to reducing Ni bioavailability and its corresponding uptake in corn (Zea Mays) in a calcareous soil. A 90 d factorial greenhouse study with corn was conducted. Si application levels were 0 (S0), 250 (S1), and 500 (S2) mg Si kg−1 soil, and biochar treatments (3wt %) including rice husk (RH) and sheep manure (SM) biochars produced at 300 and 500 °C (SM300, SM500, RH300, and RH500) were utilized. At harvest, the Ni concentration in corn shoots, the Ni content in soil chemical fractions, and the release kinetics of DPTA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid)-extractable Ni were determined. Simultaneous utilization of Si and SM biochars led to a synergistic reduction (15 %–36 %) in the Ni content in the soluble and exchangeable fractions compared with the application of Si (5 %–9 %) and SM (5 %–7 %) biochars separately. The application of Si and biochars also decreased the DPTA-extractable Ni and Ni content in corn shoots (by up to 57 %), with the combined application of SM500 + S2 being the most effective. These effects were attributed to the transfer of Ni in soil from more bioavailable fractions to more stable iron-oxide-bound fractions, related to soil pH increase. SM500 was likely the most effective biochar due to its higher alkalinity and lower acidic functional group content which enhanced Ni sorption reactions with Si. The study demonstrates the synergistic potential of Si and SM biochar for immobilizing Ni in contaminated calcareous soils.

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研究硅和生物炭在玉米种植后被镍污染的石灰质土壤中固定镍的协同潜力

摘要。在伊朗，相当大比例的农业土壤受到包括镍在内的一系列潜在有毒元素（PTEs）的污染，需要对其进行补救，以防止其进入食物链。硅（Si）是一种有益的植物元素，已被证明可以减轻 PTEs 对作物的影响。生物炭是一种土壤改良剂，可固化土壤中的碳，并能固定 PTEs，促进土壤中作物的生长。以前的研究没有考察过 Si 和生物炭对土壤化学组分中 Ni 浓度及其固定化的潜在协同效应。因此，本研究旨在考察硅和生物炭在降低钙质土壤中玉米（玉米）对镍的生物利用率和相应吸收率方面的交互作用。在温室中对玉米进行了为期 90 天的因子研究。施硅量分别为 0（S0）、250（S1）和 500（S2）毫克硅 kg-1 土壤，生物炭处理（3wt %）包括在 300 和 500 °C 下生产的稻壳（RH）和羊粪（SM）生物炭（SM300、SM500、RH300 和 RH500）。收获时，测定了玉米芽中的镍浓度、土壤化学组分中的镍含量以及 DPTA（二乙烯三胺五乙酸）可提取镍的释放动力学。与分别施用 Si（5%-9%）和 SM（5%-7%）生物酵素相比，同时施用 Si 和 SM 生物酵素可使可溶性馏分和可交换性馏分中的镍含量协同降低（15%-36%）。施用硅和生物炭还能降低玉米嫩枝中 DPTA 可提取镍和镍的含量（降幅高达 57%），其中 SM500 + S2 的联合施用效果最好。这些影响归因于土壤中的镍从生物可利用部分转移到了更稳定的氧化铁结合部分，这与土壤 pH 值的增加有关。SM500 可能是最有效的生物炭，因为其碱度较高，酸性官能团含量较低，从而增强了镍与硅的吸附反应。这项研究证明了硅和 SM 生物炭在固定受污染钙质土壤中的镍方面的协同潜力。

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来源期刊

Soil Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Soil Science

CiteScore

10.80

自引率

2.90%

发文量

审稿时长

30 weeks

期刊介绍： SOIL is an international scientific journal dedicated to the publication and discussion of high-quality research in the field of soil system sciences. SOIL is at the interface between the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. SOIL publishes scientific research that contributes to understanding the soil system and its interaction with humans and the entire Earth system. The scope of the journal includes all topics that fall within the study of soil science as a discipline, with an emphasis on studies that integrate soil science with other sciences (hydrology, agronomy, socio-economics, health sciences, atmospheric sciences, etc.).