{"title":"Regional-based static and dynamic alterations in Alzheimer disease: a longitudinal study.","authors":"Kuppe Channappa Usha, Honnenahally Ningappa Suma, Abhishek Appaji","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1787761","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong> Alzheimer disease (AD) leads to cognitive decline and alters functional connectivity (FC) in key brain regions. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) assesses these changes using static-FC for overall correlation and dynamic-FC for temporal variability.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong> In AD, there is altered FC compared to normal conditions. The present study investigates possible region-specific functional abnormalities occurring longitudinally over 1 year. Our aim is to evaluate the potential usefulness of the static and dynamic approaches in identifying biomarkers of AD progression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong> The study involved 15 AD and 20 healthy participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 2 (ADNI2) database, tracked over 2 visits within 1 year. Using constrained-independent component analysis, we assessed FC changes across 80-regions of interest in AD over the year, examining both static and dynamic conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong> The average regional FC decreased in AD compared to healthy subjects at baseline and after 1 year. The dynamic condition identifies similarities with a few additional changes in the FC compared to the static condition. In both analyses, the baseline assessment revealed reduced connectivity between the following regions: right-middle-occipital and left-superior-occipital, left-hippocampus and right-postcentral, left-lingual and left-fusiform, and precuneus and left-thalamus. Additionally, increased connectivity was found between the left-superior-occipital and precuneus regions. In the 1-year AD assessment, increased connectivity was noted between the right-superior-temporal-pole and right-insular, right-hippocampus and left-caudate, right-middle-occipital and right-superior-temporal-pole, and posterior-cingulate-cortex and middle-temporal-pole regions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong> Significant changes were observed at baseline in the frontal, occipital, and core basal-ganglia regions, progressing towards the temporal lobe and subcortical regions in the following year. After 1 year, we observed the aforementioned region-specific neurological differences in AD, significantly aiding diagnosis and disease tracking.</p>","PeriodicalId":8694,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria","volume":"82 7","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1787761","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/7/8 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"NEUROSCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer disease (AD) leads to cognitive decline and alters functional connectivity (FC) in key brain regions. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) assesses these changes using static-FC for overall correlation and dynamic-FC for temporal variability.
Objective: In AD, there is altered FC compared to normal conditions. The present study investigates possible region-specific functional abnormalities occurring longitudinally over 1 year. Our aim is to evaluate the potential usefulness of the static and dynamic approaches in identifying biomarkers of AD progression.
Methods: The study involved 15 AD and 20 healthy participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 2 (ADNI2) database, tracked over 2 visits within 1 year. Using constrained-independent component analysis, we assessed FC changes across 80-regions of interest in AD over the year, examining both static and dynamic conditions.
Results: The average regional FC decreased in AD compared to healthy subjects at baseline and after 1 year. The dynamic condition identifies similarities with a few additional changes in the FC compared to the static condition. In both analyses, the baseline assessment revealed reduced connectivity between the following regions: right-middle-occipital and left-superior-occipital, left-hippocampus and right-postcentral, left-lingual and left-fusiform, and precuneus and left-thalamus. Additionally, increased connectivity was found between the left-superior-occipital and precuneus regions. In the 1-year AD assessment, increased connectivity was noted between the right-superior-temporal-pole and right-insular, right-hippocampus and left-caudate, right-middle-occipital and right-superior-temporal-pole, and posterior-cingulate-cortex and middle-temporal-pole regions.
Conclusion: Significant changes were observed at baseline in the frontal, occipital, and core basal-ganglia regions, progressing towards the temporal lobe and subcortical regions in the following year. After 1 year, we observed the aforementioned region-specific neurological differences in AD, significantly aiding diagnosis and disease tracking.
背景：阿尔茨海默病（AD）会导致认知能力下降，并改变关键脑区的功能连接（FC）。静息态功能磁共振成像（rs-fMRI）通过静态连接性（static-FC）评估整体相关性，通过动态连接性（dynamic-FC）评估时间变异性，从而评估这些变化：与正常情况相比，AD 患者的 FC 有所改变。本研究调查了一年内纵向发生的可能的特定区域功能异常。我们的目的是评估静态和动态方法在确定 AD 进展的生物标志物方面的潜在作用：这项研究涉及阿尔茨海默病神经影像学倡议 2（ADNI2）数据库中的 15 名 AD 患者和 20 名健康患者，他们在一年内接受了两次访问。利用约束-独立成分分析法，我们评估了AD患者80个相关区域在这一年中的FC变化，同时考察了静态和动态条件：结果：与健康人相比，AD 患者在基线和 1 年后的平均区域 FC 均有所下降。与静态条件相比，动态条件下的 FC 有一些额外的变化。在这两项分析中，基线评估显示以下区域之间的连接性降低：右枕中和左枕上、左海马和右后中央、左舌和左纺锤形、楔前和左丘脑。此外，左上枕叶和楔前区域之间的连接性也有所增加。在为期1年的注意力缺失评估中，右颞上极和右椎间隙、右海马和左尾状核、右中枕和右颞上极、后扣带回皮层和中颞极区域之间的连接性增加：额叶、枕叶和基底神经节核心区域在基线期出现了显著变化，并在次年向颞叶和皮层下区域发展。一年后，我们观察到了上述注意力缺失症特定区域的神经差异，这对诊断和疾病追踪有很大帮助。
期刊介绍：
Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria is the official journal of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology. The mission of the journal is to provide neurologists, specialists and researchers in Neurology and related fields with open access to original articles (clinical and translational research), editorials, reviews, historical papers, neuroimages and letters about published manuscripts. It also publishes the consensus and guidelines on Neurology, as well as educational and scientific material from the different scientific departments of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology.
The ultimate goals of the journal are to contribute to advance knowledge in the areas of Neurology and Neuroscience, and to provide valuable material for training and continuing education for neurologists and other health professionals working in the area. These goals might contribute to improving care for patients with neurological diseases. We aim to be the best Neuroscience journal in Latin America within the peer review system.
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