The nose cooperates with the eyes: The independent and interactive effects of vision and olfaction on the perceived restorativeness of a Metasequoia walkway
Xi Lu , Yu Peng , Sheng Song , Hui Wang , Yunlong Yin , Jun-jie Wang
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
In response to worldwide calls for promoting health and well-being, there is growing interest in creating restorative environments. Although restorative environments can be perceived by multiple sensory modalities, visual studies dominated the majority of restorative research, while olfaction is a frequently overlooked yet important sense. Grounded in Attention Restoration Theory (ART) and cross-modal interaction of olfaction and vision, this research seeks to investigate the independent and interactive effects of vision and olfaction on the perceived restorativeness of a Metasequoia walkway in urban green space. The visual stimulus was a 360-degree virtual reality (VR) tour in a 200-meter-long Metasequoia walkway, and the olfactory stimulus was Metasequoia essential oil extracted from the tree leaves. Based on a stress recovery experiment, 120 participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups: control, vision, olfaction, and combination. Psychological evaluations (semantic differential scale [SDS] and perceived restorativeness scale [PRS]) and physiological measurements (systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP], heart rate [HR] and blood oxygen level [BOL]) were used as indicators of restorative effects. The findings reveal that a combination of visual and olfactory stimulation can contribute more to restorative effects compared to a single stimulus, in terms of both physiological and psychological indicators. This calls for a greater focus on the effects of vision and olfaction towards more sustainable landscape design and management.
期刊介绍:
Urban Forestry and Urban Greening is a refereed, international journal aimed at presenting high-quality research with urban and peri-urban woody and non-woody vegetation and its use, planning, design, establishment and management as its main topics. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening concentrates on all tree-dominated (as joint together in the urban forest) as well as other green resources in and around urban areas, such as woodlands, public and private urban parks and gardens, urban nature areas, street tree and square plantations, botanical gardens and cemeteries.
The journal welcomes basic and applied research papers, as well as review papers and short communications. Contributions should focus on one or more of the following aspects:
-Form and functions of urban forests and other vegetation, including aspects of urban ecology.
-Policy-making, planning and design related to urban forests and other vegetation.
-Selection and establishment of tree resources and other vegetation for urban environments.
-Management of urban forests and other vegetation.
Original contributions of a high academic standard are invited from a wide range of disciplines and fields, including forestry, biology, horticulture, arboriculture, landscape ecology, pathology, soil science, hydrology, landscape architecture, landscape planning, urban planning and design, economics, sociology, environmental psychology, public health, and education.