Rapid cholera outbreak control following catastrophic landslides and floods: A case study of Bududa district, Uganda.

Godfrey Bwire, Imelda Tumuhairwe, Leocadia Kwagonza, Milton Makoba Wetaka, Anne Nakinsige, Emmanuel Samuel Arinitwe, Julian Kemirembe, Allan Muruta, Charles Mugero, Christine K Nalwadda, Samuel I Okware
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Abstract

Background: In June 2019, landslides and floods in Bududa district, eastern Uganda, claimed lives and led to a cholera outbreak. The affected communities had inadequate access to clean water and sanitation.

Objective: To share the experience of controlling a cholera outbreak in Bududa district, after landslides and floods.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in which outbreak investigation reports, weekly epidemiological data and disaster response reports were reviewed.

Results: On 4 - 5th June 2019, heavy rainfall resulted in four landslides which caused six fatalities, 27 injuries, floods and displaced 480 persons. Two weeks later, a cholera outbreak was confirmed in Bududa district. The Ministry of Health (MoH) rapidly deployed oral cholera vaccine (OCV) from local reserves and mass vaccinated 93% of the target population in 22 affected parishes. The outbreak was controlled in 10 weeks with 67 cholera cases and 1 death reported. However, WaSH conditions remained poor, with only, 24.2 % (879/3,628) of the households with washable latrines, 26.8% (1,023/3,818) had hand-washing facilities with soap and 33.6% (1617/4807) used unsafe water.

Conclusion: The OCV stockpile by the MoH helped Uganda to control cholera promptly in Bududa district. High-risk countries should keep OCV reserves for emergencies.

灾难性山体滑坡和洪水后霍乱疫情的快速控制:乌干达布杜达地区案例研究。
背景:2019 年 6 月,乌干达东部布杜达地区的山体滑坡和洪水夺走了生命,并导致霍乱爆发。受影响的社区无法获得足够的清洁水和卫生设施:分享布杜达地区在山体滑坡和洪水之后控制霍乱疫情的经验:方法:开展描述性横断面研究,审查疫情调查报告、每周流行病学数据和救灾报告:2019年6月4日至5日,暴雨导致四次山体滑坡,造成6人死亡,27人受伤,洪水泛滥,480人流离失所。两周后,布杜达地区证实爆发了霍乱疫情。卫生部(MoH)迅速从当地储备中调配了口服霍乱疫苗(OCV),为 22 个受影响教区 93% 的目标人群大规模接种。疫情在 10 周内得到控制,共报告 67 例霍乱病例和 1 例死亡病例。然而,卫生保健条件仍然很差,只有 24.2% 的家庭(879/3628 户)有可清洗的厕所,26.8% 的家庭(1023/3818 户)有用肥皂洗手的设施,33.6% 的家庭(1617/4807 户)使用不安全的水:结论:卫生部的 OCV 储备有助于乌干达迅速控制布杜达地区的霍乱。高风险国家应储备 OCV 以备不时之需。
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