Treadmill running on neuropathic pain: via modulation of neuroinflammation

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI:10.3389/fnmol.2024.1345864

Wei-Chun He, Shuang-Long Hou, Kai-Bin Wang, Ning Xu, Ke Li, Ting Xiong, Jing Luo

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Abstract

Neuropathic pain is a type of chronic pain caused by an injury or somatosensory nervous system disease. Drugs and exercise could effectively relieve neuropathic pain, but no treatment can completely stop neuropathic pain. The integration of exercise into neuropathic pain management has attracted considerable interest in recent years, and treadmill training is the most used among exercise therapies. Neuropathic pain can be effectively treated if its mechanism is clarified. In recent years, the association between neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain has been explored. Neuroinflammation can trigger proinflammatory cytokines, activate microglia, inhibit descending pain modulatory systems, and promote the overexpression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which lead to the generation of neuropathic pain and hypersensitivity. Treadmill exercise can alleviate neuropathic pain mainly by regulating neuroinflammation, including inhibiting the activity of pro-inflammatory factors and over activation of microglia in the dorsal horn, regulating the expression of mu opioid receptor expression in the rostral ventromedial medulla and levels of γ-aminobutyric acid to activate the descending pain modulatory system and the overexpression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. This article reviews and summarizes research on the effect of treadmill exercise on neuropathic pain and its role in the regulation of neuroinflammation to explore its benefits for neuropathic pain treatment.

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跑步机对神经性疼痛的影响：通过调节神经炎症

神经性疼痛是一种由损伤或躯体感觉神经系统疾病引起的慢性疼痛。药物和运动可以有效缓解神经病理性疼痛，但任何治疗方法都无法完全阻止神经病理性疼痛。近年来，运动与神经病理性疼痛治疗的结合引起了广泛关注，其中跑步机训练是使用最多的运动疗法。如果神经病理性疼痛的机制得到明确，就可以有效地治疗神经病理性疼痛。近年来，神经炎症与神经病理性疼痛之间的关联得到了探讨。神经炎症可诱发促炎细胞因子，激活小胶质细胞，抑制降序疼痛调节系统，促进脑源性神经营养因子的过度表达，从而导致神经病理性疼痛和超敏反应的产生。跑步机运动主要通过调节神经炎症来缓解神经病理性疼痛，包括抑制背角促炎因子的活性和小胶质细胞的过度激活，调节喙腹内侧髓质中μ阿片受体的表达和γ-氨基丁酸的水平，从而激活降序疼痛调节系统和脑源性神经营养因子的过度表达。本文回顾并总结了有关跑步机运动对神经病理性疼痛的影响及其在调节神经炎症中的作用的研究，以探讨其对神经病理性疼痛治疗的益处。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience NEUROSCIENCES-

CiteScore

5.70

自引率

2.10%

发文量

669

审稿时长

14 weeks

期刊介绍： Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience is a first-tier electronic journal devoted to identifying key molecules, as well as their functions and interactions, that underlie the structure, design and function of the brain across all levels. The scope of our journal encompasses synaptic and cellular proteins, coding and non-coding RNA, and molecular mechanisms regulating cellular and dendritic RNA translation. In recent years, a plethora of new cellular and synaptic players have been identified from reduced systems, such as neuronal cultures, but the relevance of these molecules in terms of cellular and synaptic function and plasticity in the living brain and its circuits has not been validated. The effects of spine growth and density observed using gene products identified from in vitro work are frequently not reproduced in vivo. Our journal is particularly interested in studies on genetically engineered model organisms (C. elegans, Drosophila, mouse), in which alterations in key molecules underlying cellular and synaptic function and plasticity produce defined anatomical, physiological and behavioral changes. In the mouse, genetic alterations limited to particular neural circuits (olfactory bulb, motor cortex, cortical layers, hippocampal subfields, cerebellum), preferably regulated in time and on demand, are of special interest, as they sidestep potential compensatory developmental effects.