The Influence of River Plume Discharge and Winds on Sediment Transport into a Coastal Mangrove Environment

IF 2.3 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Hemanth Vundavilli, Julia C. Mullarney, Iain T. MacDonald
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Abstract

We investigate how the physical forcing factors of river discharge and winds affect sediment delivery to, and retention within, mangrove-lined coastal regions. We use an idealized numerical model, broadly similar to the Firth of Thames deltaic system in New Zealand, to isolate and explore the underlying processes without some of the complexities of the real system. Total sediment transport and the relative contributions of riverine and bed-sourced sediment into the forest are assessed using a transect along the edge of the forest region. The model results demonstrate that both river discharge and winds alter the distribution of sediment transport, and that the spatial patterns relate to different regions of the river plume. At the river mouth (the near-field region), irrespective of the discharge employed, sediment fluxes are directed into the mangrove forest, indicating an accretionary environment consistent with satellite observations. Here, contributions from the riverine and bed-sourced sediments are similar. For small to medium discharge scenarios (up to \(\sim\) 280 m\(^{3}\) s\(^{-1}\), flow speeds \(\sim\) 0.6 m s\(^{-1}\)), mass loads increase with river discharge. However, in the case of large discharge events, the high momentum in the near-field region allows the river plume to effectively transport sediment through the full width of forested region and out of the forest front. In the mid- and far-field regions of the plume, tidal influences also play a stronger role. Suspended sediment is primarily composed of bed-sourced material and transported out of the forest. Weaker winds are found to affect the far- and mid-field regions of the river plume. Stronger winds are able to reshape the entire plume structure, also including the near-field, such that sediment deposition is enhanced when winds are directed towards the forest.

Abstract Image

河流羽流和风对沉积物迁移到沿海红树林环境的影响
我们研究了河流排水量和风等物理驱动因素如何影响沉积物向红树林沿岸地区的输 送和滞留。我们使用了一个与新西兰泰晤士河三角洲系统大致相似的理想化数值模型,在不考虑实际系统的某些复杂性的情况下,对基本过程进行了分离和探索。利用沿森林区域边缘的横断面,评估了沉积物迁移总量以及河流和河床沉积物对森林的相对贡献。模型结果表明,河流排水量和风都会改变沉积物迁移的分布,而且空间模式与河流羽流的不同区域有关。在河口(近场区域),无论采用哪种排水方式,泥沙通量都会进入红树林,这表明这里的环境与卫星观测结果一致。在这里,来自河流和河床的沉积物的贡献是相似的。对于小到中等排水量的情况(最多 280 m(^{3}\)s(^{-1}\),流速为 0.6 m s(^{-1}\)),质量负荷随着河流排水量的增加而增加。然而,在大排水量事件中,近场区域的高动量使得河流羽流能够有效地将沉积物运过森林区域的整个宽度,并运出森林前沿。在河流羽流的中场和远场区域,潮汐的影响也发挥着更大的作用。悬浮沉积物主要由床源物质组成,并被运出森林。较弱的风会影响河流羽流的远场和中场区域。强风能够重塑整个羽流结构,也包括近场,因此当风向吹向森林时,沉积物沉积会增强。
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来源期刊
Estuaries and Coasts
Estuaries and Coasts 环境科学-海洋与淡水生物学
CiteScore
5.60
自引率
11.10%
发文量
107
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: Estuaries and Coasts is the journal of the Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation (CERF). Begun in 1977 as Chesapeake Science, the journal has gradually expanded its scope and circulation. Today, the journal publishes scholarly manuscripts on estuarine and near coastal ecosystems at the interface between the land and the sea where there are tidal fluctuations or sea water is diluted by fresh water. The interface is broadly defined to include estuaries and nearshore coastal waters including lagoons, wetlands, tidal fresh water, shores and beaches, but not the continental shelf. The journal covers research on physical, chemical, geological or biological processes, as well as applications to management of estuaries and coasts. The journal publishes original research findings, reviews and perspectives, techniques, comments, and management applications. Estuaries and Coasts will consider properly carried out studies that present inconclusive findings or document a failed replication of previously published work. Submissions that are primarily descriptive, strongly place-based, or only report on development of models or new methods without detailing their applications fall outside the scope of the journal.
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