V. V. Volkov, P. V. Konarev, M. V. Petukhov, V. E. Asadchikov
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Small-angle scattering (SAS) of X-rays and neutrons is a technique for studying the subatomic structure of condensed matter with a resolution of tenths to hundreds of nanometers, the capabilities of which have grown significantly in recent decades due to the emergence of bright synchrotron radiation sources and laboratory facilities with microfocus sources. The growth of computing power was accompanied by the development of new algorithms and techniques for data analysis, which made SAS one of the most effective methods for studying nanoscale structures. After a brief presentation of the basic principles of SAS for isotropic dispersed nanosystems, some of the most striking examples of such analysis are given: modeling the structure of biological macromolecules in solution, determining the size distributions of inhomogeneities in polydisperse systems, and studying multicomponent systems of nanoparticles of different nature. The SAS method does not require special sample preparation and allows studying objects under conditions close to natural ones, which is especially demanded in the development of nature-like technologies.
摘要 X 射线和中子的小角散射（SAS）是一种研究凝聚态物质亚原子结构的技术，其分辨率可达十分之一至数百纳米。近几十年来，由于明亮的同步辐射源和实验室微焦点源设施的出现，SAS 的能力有了显著提高。计算能力的增长伴随着新算法和数据分析技术的发展，使 SAS 成为研究纳米级结构最有效的方法之一。在简要介绍了用于各向同性分散纳米系统的 SAS 基本原理之后，举出了此类分析的一些最突出的例子：溶液中生物大分子结构建模、确定多分散系统中不均匀性的尺寸分布以及研究不同性质纳米粒子的多组分系统。SAS 方法不需要特殊的样品制备，可以在接近自然的条件下研究物体，这在开发类似自然的技术中尤为必要。
期刊介绍：
Crystallography Reports is a journal that publishes original articles short communications, and reviews on various aspects of crystallography: diffraction and scattering of X-rays, electrons, and neutrons, determination of crystal structure of inorganic and organic substances, including proteins and other biological substances; UV-VIS and IR spectroscopy; growth, imperfect structure and physical properties of crystals; thin films, liquid crystals, nanomaterials, partially disordered systems, and the methods of studies.
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