A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Effectiveness of Dietary Interventions to Enhance Mental Wellbeing in Emerging Adulthood

IF 3.1 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Happiness Studies Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI:10.1007/s10902-024-00779-y

Ann DeSmet, Catherine Culot, Devintha Virani, S. Pabian, Eva Ariño Mateo, Kathleen Van Royen, Anke Oenema, Margaux Liebmann

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Abstract

Mental well-being in emerging adulthood (18–29y) can come under severe strain. A healthy diet may support a smooth transition and promote high mental well-being among emerging adults. Several systematic reviews have confirmed that a healthy diet can increase mental health in a general adult population, but so far, no systematic review or meta-analysis has summarized experimental evidence of dietary interventions on mental wellbeing. This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental studies into the effects of dietary interventions on mental wellbeing in emerging adults. Nineteen studies were included in the systematic review, of which thirteen in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed a small but significant effect (g = 0.296, 95% CI 0.110–0.481, p = .002). Review findings show that certain dietary interventions have consistent positive effects on some but not all wellbeing indicators (taking breakfast, Mediterranean diet) whereas others show mixed effects on mental wellbeing (fruit and vegetable consumption). Chocolate consumption showed mixed to very short-lived effects (3 min.) on wellbeing. In sum, a Mediterranean diet and its components (cereal and protein breakfast, fruit and vegetables) may promote mental wellbeing among emerging adults. More experimental studies with larger sample sizes are needed to allow moderator analyses to further understand differences in effects between types of dietary interventions and types of wellbeing outcomes.

Trial Registration This systematic review was registered in the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews under the number CRD42020165113.

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对膳食干预对提高成年期心理健康的有效性进行系统回顾和元分析

新兴成年人（18-29 岁）的心理健康可能会受到严重影响。健康的饮食可支持平稳过渡，促进新成人的心理健康。一些系统性综述证实，健康饮食可提高普通成年人的心理健康水平，但迄今为止，还没有系统性综述或荟萃分析总结出饮食干预对心理健康影响的实验证据。本研究对饮食干预对新兴成年人心理健康影响的实验研究进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析。有 19 项研究被纳入系统综述，其中 13 项被纳入元分析。荟萃分析结果表明，膳食干预的效果很小，但很显著（g = 0.296，95% CI 0.110-0.481，p = .002）。综述结果表明，某些膳食干预措施对某些而非所有幸福指标（吃早餐、地中海饮食）具有持续的积极影响，而其他膳食干预措施对心理健康的影响则好坏参半（水果和蔬菜消费）。食用巧克力对幸福感的影响有好有坏，但持续时间很短（3 分钟）。总之，地中海饮食及其组成部分（谷物和蛋白质早餐、水果和蔬菜）可能会促进新兴成年人的心理健康。需要进行更多样本量更大的实验研究，以便进行调节分析，进一步了解饮食干预类型和幸福感结果类型之间的效果差异。试验注册本系统综述已在 PROSPERO 国际系统综述前瞻性注册中心注册，注册号为 CRD42020165113。

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来源期刊

Journal of Happiness Studies Multiple-

CiteScore

8.60

自引率

6.50%

发文量

110

期刊介绍： The international peer-reviewed Journal of Happiness Studies is devoted to theoretical and applied advancements in all areas of well-being research. It covers topics referring to both the hedonic and eudaimonic perspectives characterizing well-being studies. The former includes the investigation of cognitive dimensions such as satisfaction with life, and positive affect and emotions. The latter includes the study of constructs and processes related to optimal psychological functioning, such as meaning and purpose in life, character strengths, personal growth, resilience, optimism, hope, and self-determination. In addition to contributions on appraisal of life-as-a-whole, the journal accepts papers investigating these topics in relation to specific domains, such as family, education, physical and mental health, and work. The journal welcomes high-quality theoretical and empirical submissions in the fields of economics, psychology and sociology, as well as contributions from researchers in the domains of education, medicine, philosophy and other related fields. The Journal of Happiness Studies provides a forum for three main areas in happiness research: 1) theoretical conceptualizations of well-being, happiness and the good life; 2) empirical investigation of well-being and happiness in different populations, contexts and cultures; 3) methodological advancements and development of new assessment instruments. The journal addresses the conceptualization, operationalization and measurement of happiness and well-being dimensions, as well as the individual, socio-economic and cultural factors that may interact with them as determinants or outcomes. Central Questions include, but are not limited to: Conceptualization: What meanings are denoted by terms like happiness and well-being? How do these fit in with broader conceptions of the good life? Operationalization and Measurement: Which methods can be used to assess how people feel about life? How to operationalize a new construct or an understudied dimension in the well-being domain? What are the best measures for investigating specific well-being related constructs and dimensions? Prevalence and causality Do individuals belonging to different populations and cultures vary in their well-being ratings? How does individual well-being relate to social and economic phenomena (characteristics, circumstances, behavior, events, and policies)? What are the personal, social and economic determinants and causes of individual well-being dimensions? Evaluation: What are the consequences of well-being for individual development and socio-economic progress? Are individual happiness and well-being worthwhile goals for governments and policy makers? Does well-being represent a useful parameter to orient planning in physical and mental healthcare, and in public health? Interdisciplinary studies: How has the study of happiness developed within and across disciplines? Can we link philosophical thought and empirical research? What are the biological correlates of well-being dimensions?