Pore-forming aegerolysin and MACPF proteins in extremotolerant or extremophilic fungi

IF 3.7 3区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
IUBMB Life Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI:10.1002/iub.2889
Nada Kraševec
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Aegerolysin proteins are involved in various interactions by recognising a molecular receptor in the target organism. The formation of pores in combination with larger, non-aegerolysin-like protein partners (such as membrane attack complex/perforin proteins [MACPFs]) is one of the possible responses in the presumed competitive exclusion of other organisms from the ecological niche. Bicomponent pairs are already observed at the gene level. Fungi growing under extreme conditions can be divided into ubiquitous and extremotolerant generalists which can compete with mesophilic species and rare, isolated extremophilic and extremotolerant specialists with narrow ecological amplitude that cannot compete. Under extreme conditions, there are fewer competitors, so fungal specialists generally produce less diverse and complicated profiles of specialised molecules. Since extremotolerant and extremophilic fungi have evolved in numerous branches of the fungal tree of life and aegerolysins are unevenly distributed across fungal genomes, we investigated whether aegerolysins, together with their partner proteins, contribute to the extreme survival ecology of generalists and specialists. We compiled a list of 109 thermo-, psihro-, acido-, alkali-, halo-, metallo- and polyextremo-tolerant/-philic fungal species. Several challenges were identified that affected the outcome: renaming fungal species, defining extremotolerant/extremophilic traits, identifying extremotolerant/extremophilic traits as metadata in databases and linking fungal isolates to fungal genomes. The yield of genomes coding aegerolysins or MACPFs appears to be lower in extremotolerant/extremophilic fungi compared to all fungal genomes. No candidates for pore-forming gene pairs were identified in the genomes of extremophilic fungi. Aegerolysin and MACPFs partner pairs were identified in only two of 69 species with sequenced genomes, namely in the ubiquitous metallotolerant generalists Aspergillus niger and A. foetidus. These results support the hypothesised role of these pore-forming proteins in competitive exclusion.

Abstract Image

耐极端真菌或嗜极端真菌中的孔隙形成 Aegerolysin 和 MACPF 蛋白。
Aegerolysin 蛋白通过识别目标生物体内的分子受体参与各种相互作用。孔隙的形成与较大的、非麦角溶菌素类蛋白伙伴(如膜攻击复合体/穿孔素蛋白[MACPFs])结合在一起,是假定生态位竞争性排斥其他生物的可能反应之一。在基因水平上已经观察到了双成分对。在极端条件下生长的真菌可分为无处不在、耐受极端环境的通性真菌和稀有、孤立、耐受极端环境的专性真菌,前者可与中嗜酸性真菌竞争,后者生态范围狭窄,无法与中嗜酸性真菌竞争。在极端条件下,竞争者较少,因此真菌专性菌通常产生的专性分子的多样性和复杂性较低。由于极端耐受真菌和嗜极端真菌在真菌生命树的许多分支中都有进化,而嗜热真菌蛋白在真菌基因组中的分布并不均匀,因此我们研究了嗜热真菌蛋白及其伙伴蛋白是否有助于普通真菌和专科真菌的极端生存生态学。我们编制了一份包含109种耐热、耐脓、耐酸、耐碱、耐卤、耐金属和耐多种外来物质的真菌物种清单。研究发现了影响研究结果的几项挑战:真菌物种的重新命名、极端耐受性/嗜极端性状的定义、将极端耐受性/嗜极端性状确定为数据库中的元数据以及将真菌分离物与真菌基因组联系起来。与所有真菌基因组相比,极端耐寒真菌/嗜极真菌基因组中编码aegerolysins或MACPFs的基因组的产量似乎较低。在嗜极真菌的基因组中没有发现孔形成基因对的候选基因。在 69 种基因组测序的真菌中,只有两种真菌的基因组中发现了 Aegerolysin 和 MACPFs 伴侣对,即无处不在的耐金属普通真菌黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)和佛手曲霉(A. foetidus)。这些结果支持了这些孔形成蛋白在竞争排斥中的假设作用。
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来源期刊
IUBMB Life
IUBMB Life 生物-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
10.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
109
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: IUBMB Life is the flagship journal of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and is devoted to the rapid publication of the most novel and significant original research articles, reviews, and hypotheses in the broadly defined fields of biochemistry, molecular biology, cell biology, and molecular medicine.
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